Table 1.
Summary of literature of nanocomposite prepared by several methods for potential application in different sectors.
| Type of Nanocomposite | Methods of Preparation | Application | Antimicrobial Result/Improved Properties | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ag/OMMT/QCS-QOMA | One-step approach. | Medical device and household. | Improved mechanical properties and confirmed activity towards E. coli, S. aureus, and fungi. | [39] |
| (Ag+(6-BAP)2)/MMT | Ion exchange method and carbothermal reduction. | Delivery of bacteriocidal compounds. | Slow release of silver chelate is confirmed. | [76] |
| (Ag-Nacre-like KGM)/MMT | Vaccum filtration and in situ reduction method. | Biomedical field. | Good mechanical properties and improved light transmission. | [97] |
| Ag/MMT/PCL | Reduction method. | Wastewater treatment. | Confirmed antibacterial activity towards S. aureus and E. coli | [103] |
| Ag/MMT/glassy matrix | Embedded. | Agriculture and food technology. | Confirmed activity towards E. coli, M. luteus, and I. orientails | [204] |
| Ag/MMT/PVA | Electrospinning method. | Food bacteriology. | Effective against S. aureus (ATCC6538) and E. coli (ATCC25922), improvement in thermal stability. | [149] |
| Ag/MMT/agar hydrogel | Ion exchange and thermal treatment method. | Food packaging. | Activite against selected spoilage microorganisms. | [126] |
| Ag/MMT | Ion exchange and thermal treatment method. | Fresh fruit salad. | Shelf life increase in fruit salad and reduced microbial viable count. | [127] |
| Ag/OMMT | One-step solution-intercalation technique. | Adhesives, plastics, and paints manufacturing industries. | Confirmed that in 2 h, 0.0125 mg/mL Ag/OMMT could kill 100% of S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans in solution. | [136] |
| Ag/MMT/Agar–CMC | Solution casting method. | Food preservation. | Improved mechanical and antimicrobial properties. | [144] |
| Ag/MMT | Aqueous extract of Acetabularia acetabulum. | Marine biofouling on ship. | Active against S. aureus and E coli | [236] |
| Ag-Bi2O3/MMT | Thermal and wet impregnation methods. | Refine antibiotic pollutants and dye from wastewater. | Showed outstanding visible light induced photocatalytic activities for tetracycline (TC) antibiotic and RhB degradation. | [221] |
| Ag/MMT/BC | Ion exchange, solution casting. | Scaffolds for wound dressing | Active against biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. | [237] |
| Calcium–alginate coating loaded Ag/MMT | Ion exchange method. | Fresh-cut carrots | Improvement of sensory attributes, spoilage microorganisms reduced, Extension in shelf life of carrots. | [128] |
| Cu2+/MMT/CA | Solution casting. | Food packaging | The change in the oxygen barrier properties, confirmed antibacterial performance against E. coli. | [38] |
| Cu2+/MMTCarbon Paste Electrode (CPE) | Ion exchange and electrochemical method. | Detect propineb pesticide in river and sea water. | Confirmed sensitivity towards pesticide. | [239] |
| Cu/MMT | Alkaline ion exchange. | Wastewater treatment. | Confirmed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, with excellent stability in water. | [152] |
| Cu-Zn/MMT | Ion exchange reaction. | Animal husbandry. | Higher antimicrobial activity towards E. coli, S. aureus bacteria; and Candida albicans fungi, relatively low toxic. | [229] |
| Cu-Alpill/MMT | High power ultrasonic treatment and calcining. | Wastewater treatment. | [240] | |
| Cu2+/MMT/CMC | Ion exchange and spray coating. | Active against Erwinia carotovora in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) | [164] | |
| ZnO/MMT/CMC | Solution casting. | Food packaging. | Improved functional characteristics, and enhanced resistance to water vapour permeability, glass transition temperature increased, higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus than E. coli. | [171] |
| PCL/halloysite (HNT)/MMT | Heat treatment, precipitation | Beef meat packaging. | [241] |