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(a) Average absorption spectra of the healthy (red) and prostate cancer (blue) volunteers. The shaded plots are from each individual in respective sample groups. Dashed line: fitting curves of acetic anhydride, identified as biomarker. (b) Average absorption spectra of the prostate cancer (blue), bladder cancer (cyan), and kidney cancer (violate) patients. The molecular structure of acetic anhydride is presented as a ball-and-stick model. (Ref. [158]).
