. 2022 Dec 6;28(3):1303–1311. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01878-z

Table 1.

Demographics of the study cohort.

	AD	MCI	HC	ANOVA
Cases	14	12	16	–
Age	73.7 ± 7.7^a	75.8 ± 7.6^b	63.1 ± 8.2	0.00012^**
Gender (Male/Female)	8/6	6/6	7/9	0.74
IQ	114 ± 16.9	118 ± 8.1	115 ± 9.4	0.68
NART	12.2 ± 10.3	10.7 ± 7.1	12.6 ± 7.5	0.83
MMSE	23.0 ± 3.6^a	28.0 ± 1.5	28.7 ± 1.7	<0.0001^**
Rey Copy	25.6 ± 10.8	32.2 ± 4.3	34.5 ± 2.8	0.022^*
Rey Imm	5.2 ± 4.6^a	9.8 ± 6.3	18.2 ± 11.5	0.004^*
Rey Del	3.2 ± 4.2^a	10.5 ± 6.6	18.0 ± 7.5	<0.0001^**
WLM Imm	15.4 ± 9.8^a	30.0 ± 10.5^b	45.2 ± 8.5	<0.0001^**
WLM Del	3.8 ± 6.3^a	13.1 ± 8.2^b	28.4 ± 6.2	<0.0001^**
Hopkins Imm	9.8 ± 8.8^a	18.3 ± 6.8^b	26.2 ± 8.6	0.00016^**
Hopkins Del	1.6 ± 1.9^a	6.7 ± 9.1^b	12.4 ± 7.1	0.003^*
Hopkins RI	5.0 ± 3.8^a	7.9 ± 3.9^b	11.4 ± 0.9	<0.0001^**
LNS	3.6 ± 2.4^a	6.3 ± 3.0^a	10.71 ± 3.20	<0.0001^**
Semantic Fluency	11.3 ± 3.2^a	14.7 ± 4.2^b	23.8 ± 8.6	<0.0001^**
Verbal Fluency	35.6 ± 11.9^a	38.7 ± 13.5^b	49.2 ± 12.9	0.038^*
HADS Anxiety	6.8 ± 3.8	6.0 ± 3.9	5.2 ± 3.5	0.58
HADS Depression	5.6 ± 4.3	4.0 ± 2.4	3.2 ± 3.6	0.28

SD standard deviation, NART National Adult Reading Test, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, Rey Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test, Imm immediate recall, Del delayed recall, WLM Wechsler Memory Scale–Logical Memory test, Hopkins Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, RI Recognition Index, LNS Letter-Number Sequencing, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.001 in ANOVA.

^aSignificant difference between Alzheimer’s dementia patients and healthy controls in post hoc comparisons (p < 0.05).

^bSignificant difference between mild cognitive impairment patients and healthy controls in post hoc comparisons (p < 0.05).