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. 2023 Jan 16;28(3):1090–1100. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01922-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — A Schematics of the experiment. Coronal section showing NpHR-mCherry expression and optical fiber insertion in the LS. Scale bar, 100 μm. B (Left) Sample trace of in vivo photo-tagged extracellularly recorded spike trains and (Right) normalized single unit spikes waves. C (Left) Rastergrams of spiking activity recorded for LS GABAergic neurons during their targeted optogenetic inactivation. (Right) Firing activity of neurons upon NpHR-optogenetic stimulation. The behavioral effects of optogenetic inhibition of LS neurons in CFA mice: D Mechanical pain sensitivity during light-off and light-on sessions. E OFT track traces of CFA mice infected with mCherry or NpHR-mCherry. F OFT (Left) total distance and (Right) percentage of time in center. G EPM track traces. H (Left) number of entries into and (Right) percentage of time spent in EPM open arms. I–M Data for the same experiments as shown in (D–H) but for the CRS model. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. ns, no significant difference (P > 0.05). Data are presented as the means ± SEM. For further details of statistical data analysis see Table S1.