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. 2022 Oct 29;159(3):275–292. doi: 10.1007/s00418-022-02156-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Scaffold histology after explantation after 3 months in vivo depicted by HE staining. Histology of the tissue is shown within the scaffold variants implanted without cells (-cells, a1–a4) and with lapine anterior cruciate ligament (LACL)-derived ligamentocytes (+ cells, a5–a8). Control (co, a1, a5), functionalization by gas-phase fluorination (F, a2, a6), collagen foam cross-linked with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) (coll, a3, a7) and F + coll (a4, a8). Native LACL (a9). Foreign-body giant cell and inflammatory cells visible in a co-cells scaffold variant (a10, FBGC). -cells: implanted without cells, + cells: implanted with LACL-derived ligamentocytes. BV blood vessel, PLA poly lactic acid, P(LA-CL) poly(lactic-co-ε-caprolactone). Double-headed black arrows capsule. In all images, the outer capsule surrounding the scaffold variants can be expected at the upper border. Scale bar 200 µm (a1–a9), 250 µm (a10)