Table 1. Comparison of IVIM-DWI parameters for patients with different expression levels of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in HCC tissues.
| Biomarker | ADC (10–3 mm2/s) | D (10–3 mm2/s) | D* (10–3 mm2/s) | f (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VEGF | ||||
| Negative | 1.04±0.17 | 0.84±0.20 | 26.03±19.84a | 13.51±5.03a |
| Positive | 1.20±0.25 | 0.89±0.19 | 44.51±21.31b | 22.41±6.76b |
| Strongly positive | 1.21±0.17 | 0.95±0.18 | 66.01±18.49c | 33.78±5.48c |
| F | 2.236 | 0.994 | 10.483 | 29.132 |
| P value | 0.116 | 0.376 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| MMP-2 | ||||
| Negative | 1.17±0.21 | 0.92±0.14 | 47.09±26.83 | 18.67±8.68a |
| Positive | 1.17±0.24 | 0.88±0.22 | 42.16±21.49 | 23.37±7.18b |
| Strongly positive | 1.21±0.24 | 0.91±0.10 | 58.77±23.58 | 31.99±9.44c |
| F | 0.099 | 0.238 | 1.700 | 0.717 |
| P value | 0.906 | 0.789 | 0.192 | 0.001 |
| MMP-9 | ||||
| Negative | 1.06±0.23 | 0.88±0.19 | 27.76±15.34a | 14.56±4.64a |
| Positive | 1.20±0.23 | 0.89±0.21 | 42.81±22.34b | 22.28±6.92b |
| Strongly positive | 1.20±0.21 | 0.92±0.17 | 61.63±20.32c | 30.08±8.02c |
| F | 2.006 | 0.215 | 10.578 | 18.969 |
| P value | 0.144 | 0.807 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
The values of ADC, D, D*, and f are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Superscript letters indicate significant differences between groups. D, slow apparent diffusion coefficient; D*, fast apparent diffusion coefficient; f, fast apparent diffusion coefficient fraction. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; IVIM-DWI, intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient.