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. 2023 Jan 5;13(3):1899–1913. doi: 10.21037/qims-22-220

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The overall framework of the MIL-based AI system for predicting LNM. The MIL method consists of three components including instance-level feature extraction, instance-level feature selection, and bag-level representation generation and classification. ResNet-18 works as an instance-level feature extractor. The feature selection procedure selects discriminative instance-level features. The attention-based deep MIL model is used to synthesize instance-level features for generating bag representations to perform the LNM prediction. WSI, whole slide image; LNM, lymph node metastasis; MIL, multiple instance-learning.