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. 2023 Mar 10;13:4050. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30915-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Maximum specific growth rate (μ_max) of P solubilizing bacteria incubated with different root exudates in phytin organic media. Each panel corresponds to (A) Enterobacter cloacae, (B) Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, (C) Bacillus thuringiensis, (D) bacterial consortium. Y-axis shows from top to bottom the control: individual bacteria or consortium in blue; 4-ha: 4-hydroxybutyric acid in yellow; galactinol in dark gray; threonine in light grey; and cmd mix: compound combination in white. A one-way ANOVA was performed to compare the effect of root exudates on bacteria. Tukey’s HSD test for multiple comparisons show significant differences. Different letters denote statistical significance among treatments (p-value < 0.05).