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. 2022 May 11;45:117–125. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.05.003

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Psychometric and gastrointestinal changes after multi-probiotics treatment. (A) Clinical experimental design. (B) Score changes of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMDS) in the placebo and probiotic groups. (C) Score reduction of the HAMDS from the baseline. (D) Score changes of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in the placebo and probiotic groups. (E) Score reduction of the MADRS from the baseline. (F) Score changes of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) in the placebo and probiotic groups. (G) Score reduction of the BPRS from the baseline. (H) Score changes of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) in the placebo and probiotic groups. (G) Score reduction of the GSRS from the baseline. (J) GSRS factor analysis. #P <.05, ##P <.01, ####P <.0001 in Sidak’s multiple comparisons test after two-way ANOVA. *P <.05, **P <.01, ****P <.0001 in the unpaired t-tests.