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. 2023 Feb 20;9(3):e13901. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13901

Table 1.

SDL's axioms and foundational premises [20].

AXIOM Code Premises
Axiom 1 FP1 Service is the fundamental basis of exchange.
FP2 Indirect exchange masks the fundamental basis of exchange.
FP3 Goods are distribution mechanisms for service provision.
FP4 Operant resources are the fundamental source of competitive advantage.
FP5 All economies are service economies. Service (singular) is only now becoming more apparent with increased specialization and outsourcing.
Axiom 2 FP6 The customer is always a co-creator of value.
FP7 The enterprise cannot deliver value, but only offer value propositions.
FP8 A service-centered view is inherently customer-oriented and relational.
Axiom 3 FP9 All economic and social actors are resource integrators.
Axiom 4 FP10 Value is always uniquely and phenomenologically determined by the beneficiary.
Axiom 5 FP11 Value co-creation is coordinated through actor-generated institutions and institutional arrangements.