. 2022 Dec 25;7(1):igac080. doi: 10.1093/geroni/igac080

Table 1.

Demographic and Pet Ownership Characteristics of Respondents at the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging Study Survey Visit When Participants First Completed the Human–Animal Interaction Questionnaire

Characteristic	Overall (n = 637)				Nonpet owner (n = 452)				Pet owner (n = 185)				Test statistic	p
Characteristic	N	%	M	SD	N	%	M	SD	N	%	M	SD	Test statistic	p
Dog owner	112	17.58			0	n/a			112	60.54
Cat owner	95	14.91			0	n/a			95	51.35
Age in years^a	75.09	10.15			76.76	9.67			71.01	10.15			6.71	<.001
Black^b	178	27.94			146	32.30			32	17.30			14.68	<.001
Female	356	55.89			257	56.86			99	53.51			0.60	.440
<College Graduate^b	80	12.62			65	14.44			15	8.15			5.03	.081
Married or partnered^b	395	62.20			263	58.31			132	71.74			10.02	.002
Live alone^b	176	29.04			143	33.41			33	18.54			13.49	<.001
Live in single family house^c	500	78.74			328	72.73			172	93.48			33.62	<.001
Family income exceeds $50,000^b	527	83.39			359	83.10			168	92.31			8.92	.003
Currently works^b	207	32.60			131	29.11			76	41.30			8.83	.003
Currently volunteers^b	344	54.17			241	53.56			103	55.98			0.31	.578
Body mass index^a			26.98	4.81			27.10	4.87			26.54	4.66	0.96	.339
Obese^b	148	23.23			107	23.67			41	22.16			0.17	.682
Comorbidities^a			1.66	1.48			1.73	1.49			1.50	1.46	1.84	.066
Follow-up years^a			6.84	3.57			7.01	3.34			6.43	3.73	1.91	.057
400-m Walk time (wln)^d			289.38	68.17			297.7	70.01			270	59.44		<.001
Usual speed^a			1.12	0.24			1.09	0.24			1.20	0.24	−5.06	<.001
Rapid speed^a			1.66	0.38			1.61	0.37			1.78	0.38	−4.97	<.001
Physical performance^a			2.53	0.62			2.45	0.63			2.72	0.57	−4.89	<.001
Physical well-being(rln)^d^,^e			51.67	7.59			51.26	7.74			52.65	7.15		.005
Leisure activity^d			3,867.68	3,788.39			3,450.30	3,394.00			4,868.01	4,451.70		<.001
Leisure walking (ln)^a			3.31	3.56			3.04	3.66			3.95	3.21	−2.88	.004
Brisk exercise (ln)^a			−0.49	4.60			−0.75	4.55			0.14	4.65	−2.18	.030
Weekly exercise (ln)^a			1.17	4.54			1.005	4.55			1.56	4.48	−1.37	.171
Recommended exercise^b	149	24.55			101	23.60			48	26.82			0.71	.401

Notes: 400-m Walk time = seconds to walk 400 meters; usual speed = usual gait speed (m/s); rapid speed = rapid gait speed (m/s); physical performance = physical performance battery score; physical well-being = SF-12 physical function component score; leisure activity = total leisure time physical activity (calories) per week; leisure walking = minutes of leisure walking per week; brisk exercise = minutes of “brisk” or exercise related walking per week; weekly exercise = minutes spent exercising per week; recommended exercise = dichotomous indicator for achieved recommended 150 min of moderate intensity exercise per week; (ln) = natural log transformed; (rln) = reflected and natural log transformed; (wln) = winsorized and natural log transformed. Bold is used to highlight significance p <.05.

^aStudent’s t-test.

^bChi-Square test.

^cFischer’s exact test.

^dWilcoxon rank sum test.

^eScore reflected, lower is better.