. 2022 Dec 25;7(1):igac080. doi: 10.1093/geroni/igac080

Table 3.

Demographic and Pet Ownership Characteristics of Dog Owners (n = 73) Who Walk and Do Not Walk Their Dogs

Characteristic	Overall (n = 73)				Dog walkers (n = 58)				Nondog walkers (n = 15)				Test statistic	p
Characteristic	N	%	M	SD	N	%	M	SD	N	%	M	SD	Test statistic	p
Age in years^a			64.48	9.89			64.11	9.36			65.92	12.00	0.63	.532
Black^b	12	16.44			10	17.24			2	13.33				1.000
Female^b	38	52.05			27	46.55			11	73.33			3.43	.064
<College graduate^c	3	4.17			1	1.75			2	13.33				.541
Married or partnered^b	55	76.39			41	71.93			14	93.33				.100
Lives alone^b	14	19.72			10	17.86			4	26.67				.475
Single family housing^c	66	91.67			53	92.98			13	86.67				.598
Family income exceeds $50,000^b	62	87.32			48	84.21			14	100				.189
Currently works^b	47	65.28			38	66.67			9	60.00			0.23	.629
Currently volunteers^b	33	46.48			26	46.43			7	46.67			0.001	.987
Body mass index^a			26.72	4.51			26.51	3.79			27.54	6.72	0.57	.575
Obese^b	15	20.55			11	18.97			4	26.67			0.43	.511
Comorbidities^d			0.68	1.17			0.50	0.80			1.40	1.92		.175
Follow-up years^a			5.46	4.31			5.44	4.41			5.51	4.06	0.06	.955
Attachment^a			65.70	11.57			66.39	11.34			63.21	12.48	−0.94	.349
400-m Walk time (wln)^d			242.92	38.85			241.41	35.62			250.45	53.68		.973
Usual speed^a			1.25	0.23			1.24	0.19			1.28	0.34	0.39	.700
Rapid speed^a			1.91	0.36			1.91	0.30			1.94	0.53	0.26	.795
Physical performance^d			2.84	0.54			2.84	0.42			2.82	0.90		.615
Physical well-being (rln)^d^,^e			54.16	5.19			55.05	3.29			50.81	8.82		.0518
Leisure activity^a			6,602.87	4,895.25			6,489.20	4,193.20			5,518.70	4,210.60	−0.78	.441
Leisure walking (ln)^a			4.45	2.90			2.47	4.74			4.93	2.02	−3.01	.004
Brisk exercise (ln)^a			0.86	4.61			-0.09	5.07			1.11	4.50	−0.89	.376
Weekly exercise (ln)^a			2.11	4.32			0.63	5.12			2.50	4.04	−1.51	.136
Recommended exercise^b	23	31.94			4	26.67			19	33.33			0.24	.622

Notes: 400-m Walk time = seconds to walk 400 meters; usual speed = usual gait speed (m/s); rapid speed = rapid gait speed (m/s); physical performance = physical performance battery score; physical well-being = SF-12 physical function component score; leisure activity = total leisure time physical activity (calories) per week; leisure walking = minutes of leisure walking per week; brisk exercise = minutes of “brisk” or exercise related walking per week; weekly exercise = minutes spent exercising per week; recommended exercise = dichotomous indicator for achieved recommended 150 min of moderate intensity exercise per week; (ln) = natural log transformed; (rln) = reflected and natural log transformed; (wln) = winsorized and natural log transformed. Bold is used to highlight significance p <.05.

^aStudent’s t-test.

^bChi-square test.

^cFischer’s exact test.

^dWilcoxon rank sum test.

^eScore reflected, lower is better.