TABLE 1.

Critical appraisal of controlled studies

Appraisal questions	Paulo et al., 2019	Sherman et al., 2018
1. Did the study address a clearly focused question/issue?	Yes	Yes
2. Is the research method (study design) appropriate for answering the research question?	Yes	Yes
3. Were there enough subjects (employees, teams, divisions, organizations) in the study to establish that the findings did not occur by chance?	Yes	Yes
4. Were subjects randomly allocated to the experimental and control group? If not, could this have introduced bias?	Yes	Yes
5. Are objective inclusion/exclusion criteria used?	Yes	Yes
6. Were both groups comparable at the start of the study?	Yes	Yes
7. Were objective and unbiased outcome criteria used?	Yes	Yes
8. Are objective and validated measurement methods used to measure the outcome? If not, was the outcome assessed by someone who was unaware of the group assignment (i.e. was the assessor blinded)?	Yes	Yes
9. Is the size effect practically relevant?	Yes	Yes
10. How precise is the estimate of the effect? Were confidence intervals given?	No CI provided	CI = 95%
11. Could there be confounding factors that have not been accounted for?	No	No
12. Can the results be applied to your organization?	Yes	Yes