HFD induces obesity and dyslipidemia in mice
(A) Study design. Wild-type C57BL/6J mice aged 5 weeks were randomized to a high-fat diet (HFD) or control standard diet (ctrl). After 1 month (mo) or 3 (mo) of diet, HFD and control mice were sacrificed for microglial isolation and metabolic phenotyping (n = 10 per diet per time point).
(B) Longitudinal body mass; from 0 to 4 weeks (i.e., 1 month time point) n = 20 per diet per time point (HFD, green; ctrl, blue); from 5 weeks onward, n = 10 per diet (HFD, green; ctrl, blue). $p <0.05, $$p <0.01, $$$p <0.001, for HFD versus ctrl 1 month cohort; ∗p <0.05, ∗∗∗p <0.001, ∗∗∗∗p <0.0001 for HFD versus ctrl 3 months cohort; repeated measures two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test; data represented as mean ± SD.
(C) Glucose tolerance test (GTT); left panel for HFD (n = 20; light green) versus control (n = 20; light blue) at 1 month (triangles); right panel for HFD (n = 10; dark green) versus control (n = 10; dark blue) at 3 months (circles). Measures above the glucometer’s upper threshold were set to the threshold, 750 mg/dL. Plasma (D) insulin, (E) cholesterol, and (F) phospholipids; top panels for HFD (n = 10; light green) versus control (n = 7; light blue) at 1 month (triangles); bottom panels for HFD (n = 10; dark green) versus control (n = 9; dark blue) at 3 months (circles). C to F, ∗p <0.05, ∗∗p <0.01, ∗∗∗p <0.001, ∗∗∗∗p <0.0001 for HFD versus control, by repeated measures two-way ANOVA and Sidak’s multiple comparisons test for GTTs, by Welch’s t-test for insulin, cholesterol, and phospholipids, and by Mann-Whitney test for insulin 3 months because data were not normally distributed; data represented as mean ± SD.