Table 1.
Distribution of characteristics of participants
| Quartiles of composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Total (n=11664) | Q1 (n=2916) | Q2 (n=2916) | Q3 (n=2916) | Q4 (n=2916) | P value | |
| CDAI score | -2.0 (-6.9, 4.2) | -9.8 (-11.7, -8.2 | -4.4 (-5.6, -3.2) | 0.7 (-0.6, 2.3) | 9.6 (6.5, 14.9) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 60.3±11.8 | 61.7±11.8 | 60.9±11.9 | 60.0±11.8 | 58.6±11.5 | <0.001 |
| Sex (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Female | 5898 (50.6) | 1846 (63.3) | 1664 (57.1) | 1394 (47.8) | 994 (34.1) | |
| Male | 5766 (49.4) | 1070 (36.7) | 1252 (42.9) | 1522 (52.2) | 1922 (65.9) | |
| Race (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Asian | 577 (4.9) | 115 (3.9) | 147 (5.0) | 136 (4.7) | 179 (6.1) | |
| Mexican American | 1724 (14.8) | 446 (15.3) | 432 (14.8) | 443 (15.2) | 403 (13.8) | |
| Non-hispanic Black | 2283 (19.6) | 726 (24.9) | 545 (18.7) | 511 (17.5) | 501 (17.2) | |
| Non-hispanic White | 5492 (47.1) | 1222 (41.9) | 1361 (46.7) | 1434 (49.2) | 1475 (50.6) | |
| Other hispanic | 1191 (10.2) | 315 (10.8) | 337 (11.6) | 277 (9.5) | 262 (9.0) | |
| Others | 397 (3.4) | 92 (3.2) | 94 (3.2) | 115 (3.9) | 96 (3.3) | |
| Family income (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.1±6.0 | 29.1±6.1 | 29.2±5.9 | 29.1±6.0 | 28.9±5.9 | 0.23 |
| Calorie intake (kcal/day) | 1963.0±821.6 | 1217.9±401.0 | 1704.8±466.9 | 2126.4±571.2 | 2802.8±801.2 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/(min*1.73 m2)) | 83.8±20.5 | 81.5±22.3 | 83.5±20.4 | 84.4±20.2 | 85.7±18.7 | <0.001 |
| Osteoporosis (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 10739 (92.1) | 2603 (89.3) | 2668 (91.5) | 2718 (93.2) | 2750 (94.3) | |
| Yes | 925 (7.9) | 313 (10.7) | 248 (8.5) | 198 (6.8) | 166 (5.7) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.1±6.0 | 29.1±6.1 | 29.2±5.9 | 29.1±6.0 | 28.9±5.9 | 0.23 |
| Low | 2950 (27.9) | 970 (37.0) | 768 (28.9) | 647 (24.6) | 565 (21.2) | |
| Medium | 4065 (38.4) | 1027 (39.2) | 1079 (40.5) | 1004 (38.1) | 955 (35.9) | |
| High | 3565 (33.7) | 624 (23.8) | 814 (30.6) | 984 (37.3) | 1143 (42.9) | |
| Drinking status (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Non-drinker | 3950 (33.9) | 1111 (38.1) | 1018 (34.9) | 956 (32.8) | 865 (29.7) | |
| Drinker | 6457 (55.4) | 1441 (49.4) | 1579 (54.1) | 1679 (57.6) | 1758 (60.3) | |
| Missing | 1257 (10.8) | 364 (12.5) | 319 (10.9) | 281 (9.6) | 293 (10) | |
| Smoking status (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Never smoked | 6013 (51.6) | 1479 (50.7) | 1551 (53.2) | 1513 (51.9) | 1470 (50.4) | |
| Ex-smoker | 3569 (30.6) | 800 (27.4) | 861 (29.5) | 946 (32.5) | 962 (33.0) | |
| Current smoker | 2080 (17.8) | 637 (21.8) | 503 (17.3) | 456 (15.6) | 484 (16.6) | |
| Diabetes (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 9600 (82.3) | 2314 (79.4) | 2378 (81.6) | 2422 (83.1) | 2486 (85.3) | |
| Yes | 2058 (17.7) | 601 (20.6) | 536 (18.4) | 491 (16.9) | 430 (14.7) | |
| Hypertension (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 7028 (60.3) | 1655 (56.9) | 1748 (60.1) | 1784 (61.3) | 1841 (63.2) | |
| Yes | 4618 (39.7) | 1255 (43.1) | 1161 (39.9) | 1128 (38.7) | 1074 (36.8) | |
| Physical activity (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3626 (31.1) | 1184 (40.6) | 971 (33.3) | 774 (26.5) | 697 (23.9) | |
| Low | 4929 (42.3) | 1139 (39.1) | 1233 (42.3) | 1318 (45.2) | 1239 (42.5) | |
| High | 3109 (26.7) | 593 (20.3) | 712 (24.4) | 824 (28.3) | 980 (33.6) | |
Note: BMI: Body Mass Index; eGFR: estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; CDAI: Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index.