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. 2023 Feb 23;23(5):2479. doi: 10.3390/s23052479

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The conductive polymer and nanowire networks used in wearable systems. (a) Chemical structures of PEDOT:PSS, WPU, and D-sorbitol. (b) Schematic illustration and optical photo of a blend film dry electrode. Reproduced with permission from ref. [132]. Copyright 2020 Nature Publishing Group. (c) Chemical structure of PEDOT:PSS and schematic diagram of PEDOT:PSS film with stretchability and electrical conductivity enhancers. Reproduced with permission from ref. [134]. Copyright 2017 American Association for the Advancement of Science. (d) Chemical structure and schematic illustration of polymer under stretching and release state. Reproduced with permission from ref. [135]. Copyright 2016 Nature Publishing Group. (e) Flow chart of the self-supporting PANI film fabrication process. (f) Photograph of a freestanding PANI film. Reproduced with permission from ref. [136]. Copyright 2017 Wiley-VCH. (g) Molecular structures of DPP-2T and DPP-g2T polymers and optical (top) and SEM (bottom) images of honeycomb DPP-2T and DPP-g2T films. (h) Illustration of ECG recording setup and spontaneous heart activity measured on a volunteer with honeycomb films under different strains. Reproduced with permission from ref. [137]. Copyright 2022 Nature Publishing Group. (i) SEM image of randomly stacked electrospun nanofibres and photograph of an integrated sensor array attached to the surface of a soft balloon. Reproduced with permission from ref. [138]. Copyright 2016 Nature Publishing Group. (j) SEM image of ATO nanofibres and directions of the tensile strains applied to the ATO strain sensor. (k) The unidirectional sensing mechanism of the ATO strain sensor. Reproduced with permission from ref. [139]. Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V.