Scheme 1.

Schema of the main structure of this article. The aim (core) of this review is wearable systems for health monitoring and disease diagnosis (first ring). The practical applications of wearable systems in health monitoring are divided into four parts, i.e., anatomical movement monitoring, arterial pulse pressure monitoring, electrophysiological signals monitoring, and biochemical markers monitoring (second ring). The components of smart wearable health-monitoring systems are summarized, including flexible substrates, sensing materials, conducting electrodes, data communication systems, energy supply systems, and data analysis systems.