Table 1.
Grouping of food items into food groups used in regression analyses
| Food group | Food items |
|---|---|
| Vegetables | Carrot, rutabaga, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, onion, lettuce, cucumber, squash, tomato, bell pepper, spinach, peas, beans, mushroom, canned vegetables, pickled vegetables, vegetable dishes, and vegetarian products |
| Nuts and seeds | Salted and unsalted nuts, seeds |
| Rice | Rice |
| Pasta | Pasta and pasta dishes |
| Potato | Boiled, pan fried, fried, and mashed potatoes, potato gratin, potato salad |
| Whole grain | Whole grain (> 50%) bread, crisp bread, grains, oatmeal, unsweetened cereals, porridge |
| Refined grain | White bread, bread with < 50% whole grain flour, sweetened cereals, tortillas, buns, cookies, cakes |
| Fruits | Citrus fruit, apple, pear, other fresh fruits and berries, fruit dishes and products, dried fruits |
| Poultry | Poultry and poultry sausages |
| Red meat | Beef, game, sheep |
| Processed meat | Salted, cured and canned meat, minced meat, sausages, ham, liver pâté, other meat products |
| Total fish and shellfish | Cod, pollock, salmon, trout, herring, mackerel, shellfish, sushi, fish spreads, fish products, breaded fish, other fish |
| Lean fish | Cod, pollock, breaded fish, fish products |
| Fatty fish | Salmon, trout, herring, mackerel |
| Total dairy | Milk, yoghurt, flavored milk, fermented milk, quark, skyr, cream and sour cream, milk and cream products, ice cream, cheese, low-fat cheese, whey cheese, butter |
| Low-fat dairy | Milk, yoghurt, flavored milk, fermented milk, quark, skyr, low-fat cheese (< 20% fat), low fat whey cheese |
| High-fat dairy | Cream, sour cream, ice cream, Cheese (> 20% fat), whey cheese, butter |
| Fermented dairy | Yoghurt, fermented milk, quark, skyr, cheese |
| Non-fermented dairy | Milk, flavored milk, ice cream, milk and cream products, whey cheese, butter |
| Oil and oil products | Vegetable oils, mayonnaise, salad dressings, mayonnaise based salads |
| Margarine | Margarine and low-fat margarine |
| Coffee | Coffee |
| Tea | Tea |
| ASB | Artificially sweetened soda, lemonade and energy drinks |
| Alcoholic beverages | Beer, wine, spirits |
| Sweets | Jam, marmalade, juice, sugar, honey, syrup, sweet bread spreads, chocolate, candy, desserts, popsicle, SSB, potato chips, other snacks |
| Egg | Egg, omelet, scrambled eggs |
ASB artificially sweetened beverages, SSB sugar-sweetened beverages