Table 2. Age-standardized trends of the liver cancer incidence in the U.S., 1975 to 2017.

Incidence	Trend 1			Trend 2			Trend 3			Trend 4			Trend 5			Trend 6			AAPC
	Years	APC		Years	APC		Years	APC		Years	APC		Years	APC		Years	APC		1975–2017
Overall	1975–1984	1.27*		1984–1998	4.76*		1998–2001	0.22		2001–2009	4.67*		2009–2015	1.94*		2015–2017	−2.48		3.42*
Gender
Male	1975–1984	1.64		1984–1998	4.60*		1998–2001	0.89		2001–2011	4.42*		2011–2017	−0.03					3.41*
Female	1975–1983	0.54		1983–1999	4.26*		1999–2002	−1.18		2002–2011	3.96*		2011–2017	1.37					3.03*
Race
White	1975–1987	1.59*		1987–1998	5.36*		1998–2001	−0.62		2001–2012	4.70*		2012–2017	0.51					3.58*
Black	1975–2002	2.91*		2002–2009	6.24*		2009–2017	0.00											3.24*
Site
Primary	1975–1984	1.21		1984–1998	4.32*		1998–2001	0.45		2001–2009	4.27*		2009–2015	1.62*		2015–2017	−3.31		3.12*
Secondary	1975–1981	11.20*		1981–1984	−8.80		1984–1997	9.82*		1997–2002	1.01		2002–2011	7.00*		2011–2017	2.29*		5.59*
Metastasis
Localized	1975–1990	1.38*		1990–1996	12.54*		1996–1999	4.52		1999–2007	8.34*		2007–2015	3.82*		2015–2017	−4.86		5.91*
Regional	1975–1993	3.02*		1993–1997	11.40*		1997–2000	0.47		2000–2005	6.17*		2005–2011	4.06*		2011–2017	−0.42		4.11*
Distant	1975–1985	−0.42		1985–1999	3.43*		1999–2002	−2.25		2002–2017	2.53*								2.04*
Grade
I	1975–1990	5.58*		1990–1998	9.53*		1998–2008	3.03*		2008–2017	−2.50*								3.71*
II	1975–1992	7.75*		1992–2005	9.83*		2005–2012	4.10*		2012–2017	−1.87								6.48*
III	1975–1995	5.49*		1992–2010	3.31*		2010–2017	−0.52											3.45*
IV	1975–1986	−7.23*		1986–1999	4.11		1999–2017	−2.26*											−0.65

The trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression Program (version 4.8), allowing up to 5 joinpoints. *, the APC or AAPC is significantly different from zero (P<0.05). AAPC, average annual percent change; APC, annual percent change based on incidence rates age adjusted to the standard population.