Table 2.

GRADE Summary of the Primary Outcomes

Outcomes	Effects and Confidence in the Estimate of Effects (Network Meta‐Analysis)
	ESP	TEA	SAP	PVB	ICN	PEC
24-hour opioid requirement Total studies: 29; total participants: 1780; number of treatments: 7 (6 block techniques, placebo)
Placebo	MD= 20, 95% CI= 7.9 to 33 Rank 2 of 6 interventions	MD= 27 95% CI= 9.2 to 46 Rank 1 of 6 interventions	MD= 12 95% CI= −0.4 to 25 Rank 5 of 6 interventions	MD= 15 95% CI= 4.5 to 26 Rank 3 of 6 interventions	MD= 10.97 95% CI= −5.8 to 27.3 Rank 4 of 6 interventions	MD= 6.2 95% CI= −18 to 31 Rank 6 of 6 interventions
	⊕⊕⊖⊖ Low Publication bias and heterogeneity	⊕⊖⊖⊖ Very low Publication bias heterogeneity, and sensitivity analysis findings	Not significantly effective	⊕⊕⊖⊖ Low Publication bias and heterogeneity	Not significantly effective	⊕⊕⊖⊖ Low Publication bias and heterogeneity
24-hour static pain score AUC Total studies: 37; total participants: 2293; number of treatments: 7 (6 block techniques, placebo)
Placebo	MD= 29 95% CI= 16 to 43 Rank 1 of 6 interventions	MD= 24 95% CI= 7.6 to 42 Rank 3 of 6 interventions	MD= 27 95% CI= 16 to 37 Rank 2 of 6 interventions	MD= 20 95% CI= 9.4 to 30 Rank 5 of 6 interventions	MD= 19 95% CI= −6.4 to 43 Rank 4 of 6 interventions	MD= 13 95% CI= −14 to 40 Rank 6 of 6 interventions
	⊕⊖⊖⊖ Very low Publication bias and heterogeneity, high risk of bias	⊕⊖⊖⊖ Very low Publication bias and heterogeneity, high risk of bias	⊕⊖⊖⊖ Very low Publication bias and heterogeneity, high risk of bias	⊕⊖⊖⊖ Very low Publication bias and heterogeneity, high risk of bias	⊕⊖⊖⊖ Very low Publication bias and heterogeneity, high risk of bias	⊕⊖⊖⊖ Very low Publication bias and heterogeneity, high risk of bias

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; ESP, Erector Spinae Plane (block); ICN, Intercostal nerve (block); MD, mean difference; PEC, Pectoralis (block); PVB, Paravertebral Block; SAP, Serratus Anterior Plane (block); TEA, Thoracic Epidural analgesia.