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. 2023 Mar 11;330:267–274. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.010

Table 3.

Effects of linear time (years) and the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak (the year 2021) on generalized anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10) among 13–20-year-old Finns between 2013 and 2021 in females and males. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % Confidence Intervals (95 % CI) from adjusteda logistic regression analyses by age group.

Females
Males
OR
(95 % CI)
p OR
(95 % CI)
p
Total
 Time since 2013, years 1.054
(1.050–1.058)
<0.0001 0.979⁎⁎⁎
(0.972–0.986)
<0.0001
 COVID-19 (year 2021)b 1.593
(1.550–1.637)
<0.0001 1.598
(1.518–1.682)
<0.0001
Age group 13–15 years old
 Time since 2013, years 1.040
(1.033–1.047)
<0.0001 0.970
(0.959–0.982)
<0.0001
 COVID-19 (year 2021)b 1.709
(1.640–1.782)
<0.0001 1.635
(1.510–1.770)
<0.0001
Age group 16–17 years old
 Time since 2013, years 1.060###
(1.054–1.067)
<0.0001 0.979
(0.969–0.990)
0.0001
 COVID-19 (year 2021)b 1.552##
(1.492–1.616)
<0.0001 1.614
(1.497–1.740)
<0.0001
Age group 18–20 years old
 Time since 2013, years 1.080###
(1.066–1.093)
<0.0001 1.003##
(0.982–1.024)
0.8137
 COVID-19 (year 2021)b 1.345###
(1.236–1.465)
<0.0001 1.483
(1.275–1.725)
<0.0001

a All models adjusted for age group (total models only), parental education, living with both parents, immigrant status and region (for unadjusted models see Supplementary Table S1).

b Coded “1” for the year 2021, otherwise “0”.

⁎⁎⁎ p < 0.001—effect significantly different compared to females.

## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001—effect significantly different compared to the corresponding effect in 13–15-year-olds (within sexes).

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