Table 1. Estimates of multi-locus linkage disequilibrium (mLD) for Plasmodium populations pre- and post-LLIN mass-distribution.

I_A^S is the standardized index of association; n = number of complete haplotypes. Single clone infection mLD is shown in Table S2.

		All haplotypes			Unique haplotypes
P. falciparum		n	I A S	p-value	n	I A S	p-value
all pre-LLIN studies		199	0.0051	0.036	196	0.0048	0.046
all post-LLIN studies		136	0.0075	0.020	116	−0.003	0.787
East Sepik I	2005	15	−0.0038	0.566	15	−0.0038	0.566
East Sepik II	2005	103	0.0004	0.446	100	−0.0003	0.517
East Sepik	2012-13	21	0.0454	0.002	19	0.0202	0.088
Madang	2006	81	0.0108	0.011	81	0.0108	0.011
Madang	2010	82	0.0113	0.021	72	−0.0046	0.802
Madang	2014	33	0.0725	<0.00001	25	0.0198	0.059
All studies		335	0.0044	0.021	312	0.0027	0.103
P. vivax
all pre-LLIN studies		179	−0.0002	0.540	179	−0.0002	0.539
all post-LLIN studies		125	0.0126	<0.00001	120	0.007	0.001
East Sepik I	2005	48	0.0066	0.099	48	0.0066	0.099
East Sepik II	2005	37	0.0064	0.149	37	0.0064	0.149
East Sepik	2012-13	20	0.2154	<0.00001	19	0.1981	<0.00001
Madang	2006	94	−0.0022	0.796	94	−0.0022	0.796
Madang	2010	80	0.0113	0.0005	77	0.0004	0.436
Madang	2014	24	0.0073	0.209	24	0.0073	0.209
All studies		303	0.0025	0.013	299	0.0017	0.057