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. 2023 Mar 11;6:261. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04619-2

Fig. 8. Schematic showing the effect of TGFβ signaling in endometrial cell regeneration and differentiation.

Fig. 8

Diagram indicating the dynamic remodeling of the endometrium throughout the estrous cycle, transitioning from a proliferative to a secretory state under the control of the steroid hormones, estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4). The regenerative potential of the endometrium is controlled by the presence of endometrial Lgr5+, Axin2+, and Pax8+ stem cells, likely in the crypts of the uterine glands, with growth factors such as WNTs, controlling differentiation. Our results indicate that Aldh1a1+ and Aldh1a3+ cells are putative endometrial stem cells in the uterine glands that are controlled by TGFβ, BMP and retinoic acid (RA) signaling.