Figure 6.

Single-cell and spatial analyses reveal KLF5-associated remodeling of the tumor immune infiltrate. (A) Schematic of single-cell, bulk RNA-seq and spatial RNA-seq experiments and analyses. (B) Six TNBC samples were divided into two subgroups based on KLF5 expression in bulk RNA-seq. (C) Identification of tumor-infiltrating immune cell populations. Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) embeddings of single-cell RNA-seq profiles from 9,104 CD45⁺ leukocyte cells showing 10 clusters identified by integrated analysis, colored by cluster. (D) Bar plot of proportional differences in immune cells between the KLF5^high and KLF5^low groups. (E) Reclustering of T lymphocytes, UMAP visualization and marker-based annotation of 2 KLF5 groups and 8 T lymphocyte subtypes, colored by cluster identity. (F) Bar plot of proportional differences in T lymphocytes between the KLF5^high and KLF5^low groups. (G) Bubble heatmap of functional analysis of CD4⁺IFNγ⁺ Tem and CD8⁺CXCR6⁺Trm cells. The dot size indicates the fraction of expressing cells, colored based on normalized expression levels. (H) Enrichment of different gene signature scores altered by KLF5 expression levels in single-cell transcriptomes from reclustered CD8⁺ T cells. (I) Different spatial distributions of KLF5 and T lymphocyte subpopulations were overlaid onto tissue spots. (J) Box plots show the enrichment scores of the basal signature, CD4 signature and CD8 signature in KLF5^high and KLF5^low regions.