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. 2023 Jan 21;32(2):150–159. doi: 10.1007/s10646-023-02626-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Survival and body mass of R. dalmatina (a, c) and B. bufo (b, d) tadpoles in the experimental treatment groups (C: control, G: glyphosate, P: POEA; lo: 1 mg a.e. glyphosate/L and/or 0.44 mL POEA/L, mid: 2 mg a.e. glyphosate/L and/or 0.88 mL POEA/L, hi: 4 mg a.e. glyphosate/L and/or 1.74 mL POEA/L). Error bars show the means and 84% CI estimated from linear mixed-effects models. Asterisks above error bars indicate the treatment groups significantly differing from the controls (P < 0.05)