TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Variables | All (n = 117) | Tabata (n = 59) | Control (n = 58) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 20.38 (20.14 to 20.63) | 20.42 (20.03 to 20.82) | 20.34 (20.03 to 20.65) | p > 0.05 |
| Height (cm) | 163.48 (162.61 to 164.35) | 163.88 (162.70 to 165.07) | 163.07 (161.77 to 164.37) | p > 0.05 |
| Alcohol | p > 0.05 | |||
| Never | 108 (92.31%) | 55 (93.22%) | 53 (91.38%) | |
| Sometimes | 9 (7.69%) | 4 (6.78%) | 5 (8.62%) | |
| Always | ||||
| Staying up late | p > 0.05 | |||
| Never | ||||
| Sometimes | 42 (35.90%) | 20 (33.90%) | 22 (37.93%) | |
| Always | 75 (64.10%) | 39 (66.10%) | 36 (62.07%) | |
| Family history of hypertension | p > 0.05 | |||
| Yes | 6 (5.13%) | 3 (5.08%) | 3 (5.17%) | |
| No | 111 (94.87%) | 56 (94.92%) | 55 (94.83%) | |
| Family history of diabetes | p > 0.05 | |||
| Yes | 3 (2.56%) | 2 (3.39%) | 1 (1.72%) | |
| No | 114 (97.44%) | 57 (96.61%) | 57 (98.28%) | |
| Weight (kg) | 56.60 (55.19 to 58.01) | 56.23 (54.13 to 58.33) | 56.97 (55.03 to 58.92) | p > 0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.16 (20.69 to 21.63) | 20.92 (20.22 to 21.63) | 21.40 (20.76 to 22.04) | p > 0.05 |
| WC (cm) | 73.82 (72.91 to 74.72) | 73.92 (72.59 to 75.24) | 73.72 (72.45 to 74.98) | p > 0.05 |
| %Body fat | 27.42 (26.69 to 28.14) | 27.94 (26.79 to 29.08) | 26.88 (25.97–27.80) | p > 0.05 |
| FM (kg) | 15.71 (14.98–16.43) | 15.90 (14.80–16.99) | 15.52 (14.54–16.49) | p > 0.05 |
| FFM (kg) | 40.89 (40.07–41.72) | 40.34 (39.06–41.61) | 41.46 (40.39–42.52) | p > 0.05 |
| Basal Energy expenditure (kcal) | 1234.33 (1219.07–1249.60) | 1236.17 (1212.74–1259.60) | 1232.47 (1212.24–1252.70) | p > 0.05 |
| VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 34.45 (33.72–35.19) | 34.24 (33.21–35.27) | 34.67 (33.59–35.76) | p > 0.05 |
| VO2max (L/min) | 1.94 (1.89–2.00) | 1.92 (1.84–1.99) | 1.97 (1.88–2.06) | p > 0.05 |
| Resting Heart Rate (bpm) | 89.48 (87.76–91.20) | 89.03 (86.55–91.52) | 89.93 (87.47–92.39) | p > 0.05 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 122.19 (120.03–124.29) | 121.37 (118.37–124.38) | 123.02 (120.00–126.04) | p > 0.05 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 70.43 (69.29–71.56) | 71.46 (69.88–73.04) | 69.38 (67.74–71.01) | p > 0.05 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.75 (1.65–1.84) | 1.72 (1.58–1.85) | 1.78 (1.65–1.91) | p > 0.05 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.58 (2.48–2.69) | 2.63 (2.47–2.78) | 2.54 (2.40–2.68) | p > 0.05 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.10 (1.01–1.18) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) | 1.10 (0.98–1.21) | p > 0.05 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.94 (4.81–5.08) | 4.91 (4.70–5.11) | 4.98 (4.80–5.16) | p > 0.05 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.08 (5.03–5.14) | 5.06 (4.99–5.14) | 5.11 (5.03–5.18) | p > 0.05 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.92 (4.83–5.01) | 4.93 (4.81–5.04) | 4.91 (4.76–5.05) | p > 0.05 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 4.58 (4.38–4.79) | 4.62 (4.34–4.90) | 4.55 (4.24–4.85) | p > 0.05 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 0.99 (0.92–1.07) | p > 0.05 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 0.81 (0.79–0.83) | 0.79 (0.76–0.82) | 0.82 (0.80–0.85) | p > 0.05 |
| MVPA (min/d) | 103.68 (100.66–106.70) | 105.14 (100.72–109.56) | 102.20 (97.98–106.41) | p > 0.05 |
| TPA (cpm) | 1189.26 (1142.38–1236.13) | 1167.21 (1099.78–1234.63) | 1211.69 (1145.04–1278.33) | p > 0.05 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1752.56 (1661.31–1843.82) | 1706.27 (1591.21–1821.32) | 1799.66 (1655.01–1944.30) | p > 0.05 |
| Vegetable (g/d) | 263.85 (241.97–285.72) | 249.90 (220.29–279.51) | 278.04 (245.30–310.78) | p > 0.05 |
| Fruit (g/d) | 202.83 (181.28–224.37) | 217.59 (183.39–251.79) | 187.81 (161.27–214.34) | p > 0.05 |
Note: BMI, body mass index; BMR, basal metabolic rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; cpm, count per minute; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FFM, fat-free mass; FM, fat mass; FPG, fasting glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorou intensity physical activity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total-cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; TPA, total physical activity; VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake; WC, waist circumference.