Table 1.
Summary of included studies.
| Economic assessment | Perspective, year of costs | Country | Interventions | Start age (years) | Time-horizon (years) | Discount rate | Model | Outcomes | Study conclusions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Childhood myopia control | ||||||||||
| Hong et al. (16) | CEA | Societal, 2021 | New Zealand | Photorefractive screening plus atropine 0.01% vs. corrective lenses | 11 | Lifetime (80) years | 3% | Markov model | Costs, Utility values, QALY, ICER | Photorefractive screening plus atropine 0.01% for 2 years is cost-effective compared to giving corrective lenses only |
| Myopia correction | ||||||||||
| Balgos et al. (17) | CEA | Payer and healthcare, 2020 | Spain | SMILE, vs. FS-LASIK vs. PRK | 30 | 30 | 3% | Decision tree model | Costs, Utility values, QALY, ICER | SMILE, FS-LASIK and PRK are cost-effective when performed between the ages of 20 and 60 years |
| Lamparter et al. (18) | CEA | Healthcare and patient, NS | Germany | LASIK vs. no treatment | NS | NS | NS | NS | Costs, Utility values, QALY, ICER | LASIK is cost-effective for myopia correction |
| Pathologic Myopia | ||||||||||
| Cui et al. (19) | CEA | Payer, NS | China | Conbercept vs. ranibizumab | NS | 10 | 3.5% | Markov chain model | Costs, Utility values, QALY, ICER | Conbercept is more cost-effective than ranibizumab for pathologic myopia, from the Chinese payer's perspective |
| Claxton et al. (20) | CEA | Healthcare, 2011 | United Kingdom (UK) | Ranibizumab vs. PDT vs. observation | 55 | Lifetime | 3.5% | Markov model | Costs, Utility values, QALY, ICER, NMB | Ranibizumab is dominant over PDT for pathologic myopia in the UK healthcare setting and cost effective compared with observation only |
| Sharma and Bakal (21) | CUA | Insurer and patient, NS | USA | PDT | 50 | 1 | 3% | Decision analysis model | Costs, Utility values, QALY, ICER | PDT was not cost-effective when time horizon was 1 year but cost-effective when time-horizon increased to 10 years |
CEA, cost-effectiveness analysis; CUA, cost-utility analysis; NS, not specified; LASIK, Laser in situ keratomileusis; FS-LASIK, femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis; PRK, photorefractive keratectomy; PDT, photodynamic therapy; QALY, quality-adjusted life years; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.