TABLE 2.
A summary of ALA-based prodrugs for improved PDT using nanotechnology.
| Stimulus | Nanocarrier | Applications | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| pH | AuNPs | in vitro against A549 cells | Wu et al. (2017a) |
| UCNPs | in vitro and in vivo against HeLa cells | Punjabi et al. (2014) | |
| Core/shell-structured nanoparticles | in vitro against T24 cells | Tan et al. (2015) | |
| Gold nanoclusters | in vitro against A549 cells | Srinivasulu et al. (2021) | |
| Quantum dots | in vitro against HT29 and SW480 cells | Hashemkhani et al. (2022) | |
| Micelles | in vitro against HepG2 cells | Tong et al. (2016) | |
| GSH | Nanogels | in vitro and in vivo against 4T1 cells | Wang Y et al. (2020) |
| P-DOA NPs | in vitro and in vivo against B16F10 cells | Sun et al. (2022) | |
| DFF hydrogels | in vivo against MCF-7 cells | Zou et al. (2020) | |
| Enzyme | Gold nanoclusters | in vitro and in vivo against PANC-1 cells | Li Y et al. (2017) |
| Dendrimers | in vitro against PAM 212 cells | Battah et al. (2001) | |
| in vitro against PAM 212 cells | Battah et al. (2006) | ||
| in vitro against LM3 cells | Rodriguez et al. (2015) | ||
| in vitro against MDA-MB-231 cells | Tewari et al. (2021) | ||
| Light | Carbon dots | in vitro against HeLa and A549 cells | Wu et al. (2016) |
| pH/Enzyme | AuNPs | in vitro and in vivo against SCC-7 cells | Wu et al. (2017a) |
| pH/GSH | dDA nanoparticles | in vitro and in vivo against 4T1 cells | Bai et al. (2020) |
| Non-stimuli | AuNPs | in vitro against Mel-Rm cells | Mohammadi et al. (2013) |
| in vitro against K562 cells | Zhang et al. (2015) | ||
| atherosclerosis | de Oliveira et al. (2015) | ||
| HMSNPs | in vitro against B16F10 cells | Ma et al. (2015) | |
| PB@PMO nanoparticles | in vitro and in vivo against U87MG cells | Wang Y et al. (2020) | |
| Liposomes | in vitro and in vivo against SKOV3 cells | Jiang et al. (2020) | |
| Ethosomes | in vivo for enhancing ALA accumulation/penetration | Fang et al. (2008) | |
| in vivo for enhancing ALA accumulation/penetration | Fang et al. (2009) | ||
| Niosomes | in vivo against skin malignancies | Bragagni et al. (2015) | |
| Fullerenes | in vitro and in vivo against B16F10 cells | Li et al. (2014) | |
| in vitro against MCF-7 cells | Serda et al. (2022) | ||
| Polymer-based nanomaterials | in vitro against CT26 cells | Chung et al. (2013) | |
| in vitro against B16F10 cells | Ferreira et al. (2013) | ||
| in vitro against A431 cells | Shi et al. (2013) | ||
| in vitro against 4T1 cells | de Andrade et al. (2017) | ||
| in vitro against HeLa cells | Di Martino et al. (2018) |