Table 3.
Longitudinal association of 24-h activity rhythms and sleep with depressive symptoms over time
| B | 95% CI | β | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IS | ||||
| IS | −0.528 | −0.943 to −0.114 | −0.059 | 0.012 |
| IS × time | −0.010 | −0.103 to 0.084 | −0.001 | 0.84 |
| IV | ||||
| IV | 1.002 | 0.641–1.363 | 0.131 | <0.001 |
| IV × time | −0.029 | −0.109 to 0.051 | −0.004 | 0.48 |
| TIB | ||||
| TIB | 0.111 | 0.053–0.169 | 0.092 | <0.001 |
| TIB × time | −0.007 | −0.019 to 0.006 | −0.005 | 0.29 |
| TST | ||||
| TST | −0.051 | −0.103 to 0.002 | −0.046 | 0.06 |
| TST × time | 0.006 | −0.005 to 0.017 | 0.005 | 0.30 |
| SE | ||||
| SE | −0.015 | −0.020 to −0.009 | −0.126 | <0.001 |
| SE × time | 0.001 | 0.000–0.003 | 0.011 | 0.030 |
| SOL | ||||
| SOL | 0.009 | 0.006–0.012 | 0.143 | <0.001 |
| SOL × time | −0.001 | −0.001 to 0.000 | −0.014 | 0.006 |
| WASO | ||||
| WASO | 0.002 | 0.000–0.004 | 0.049 | 0.034 |
| WASO × time | 0.000 | 0.000–0.001 | 0.003 | 0.61 |
| Self-rated sleep quality score | ||||
| Sleep quality | 0.112 | 0.099–0.124 | 0.394 | <0.001 |
| Sleep quality × time | −0.005 | −0.008 to −0.002 | −0.019 | <0.001 |
TST, total sleep time; TIB, time in bed; SE, sleep efficiency; WASO, wake after sleep onset; SOL, sleep onset latency; IS, interdaily stability; IV, intradaily variability; CI, confidence interval for B.
B is the effect estimate of the determinant and β is the standardized effect estimate of the determinant. Effect estimates were obtained using linear-mixed models, adjusted for age, sex, cohort, actigraphy device at follow-up, employment, education, partnership, smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee intake, and BMI (model 2). Estimates should be interpreted as changes in the log-transformed depressive symptoms score. Multiple testing-corrected p value = 0.00625.