Table 4.

Implications for Practice, Policy and Research.

Implications for policy	Our findings can be used by policymakers to get an insight into the components that need to be integrated an organisational level that enable culturally competent system of primary care. The model can be adopted by umbrella organisations that represent primary care providers such as doctors, nurses and social workers to develop guidelines on responding to culturally diverse women experiencing family violence.
Implications for practice	The model can be used by primary care practice to reflect on its current level of cultural competence, design training programmes and to provide a quick visual guide to its practitioners. Also, this review can be a great resource for primary care providers keen to learn time-efficiently about working with culturally diverse women experiencing family violence.
Implications for research	This study adds knowledge to an area with a significant gap. In addition, we have identified areas that need further research: (a) Examination of how the components of the proposed model interacts with elements at the national policy level; (b) development and validation of risk assessment instruments for women from various immigrant and refugee backgrounds, and Indigenous women, and LGBTQIA+ identifying women from culturally diverse backgrounds; (c) safety planning specific to women from culturally diverse backgrounds and (d) application of the proposed model to women from various ethnic and racial backgrounds.