Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the eligible literature.
| Author | Year | Country | Intervention | N (M/F) | Duration (weeks) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| van der Heijde (9) | 2009 | Multiple countries | TNF-α inhibitor | 127 | 24 | BASFI |
| Placebo | 29 | |||||
| van der Heijde (10) | 2020 | Multiple countries | IL17 inhibitor | 243 (207/36) | 12 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASDAI50, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 60 (49/11) | |||||
| Landewé (11) | 2014 | Multiple countries | TNF-α inhibitor | 121 (88/33) | 12 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASDAI50, BASFI, mortality |
| Placebo | 57 (41/16) | |||||
| Sieper (12) | 2014 | Multiple countries | IL6 inhibitor | 51 (36/15) | 12 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 51 (40/11) | |||||
| van der Heijde (13) | 2006 | Multiple countries | TNF-α inhibitor | 208 (157/51) | 12/24 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 107 (79/28) | |||||
| Inman (14) | 2008 | Multiple countries | TNF-α inhibitor | 278 (200/78) | 14 | ASAS20, BASDAI50, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 78 (55/23) | |||||
| van der Heijde (15) | 2005 | Multiple countries | TNF-α inhibitor | 201 (157/44) | 24 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASDAI50, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 78 (68/10) | |||||
| van der Heijde (16) | 2019 | Multiple countries | JAK inhibitor | 93 (63/30) | 14 | ASAS20, ASAS40, BASDAI50, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 94 (69/25) | |||||
| van der Heijde (17) | 2017 | Multiple countries | JAK inhibitor | 156 (111/45) | 12 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASDAI50, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 51 (32/19) | |||||
| van der Heijde (18) | 2018 | Multiple countries | TNF-α inhibitor | 90 (73/17) | 16 | ASAS20, ASAS40, BASDAI50, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| IL17 inhibitor | 164 (132/32) | |||||
| Placebo | 87 (71/15) | |||||
| van der Heijde (19) | 2018 | Multiple countries | JAK inhibitor | 58 (45/13) | 12 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 58 (41/17) | |||||
| Baeten (20) | 2015 | Multiple countries | IL17 inhibitor | 394 (269/125) | 16 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 196 (141/55) | |||||
| Brandt (21) | 2003 | Multiple countries | TNF-α inhibitor | 14 (10/4) | 6 | ASAS20, BASFI |
| Placebo | 16 (12/4) | |||||
| Tam (22) | 2014 | China | TNF-α inhibitor | 20 (18/2) | 24 | ASAS20, BASFI |
| Placebo | 21 (19/2) | |||||
| Sieper (23) | 2015 | Multiple countries | IL6 inhibitor | 251 (180/71) | 12 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 50 (38/12) | |||||
| Sieper (24) | 2017 | Multiple countries | IL17 inhibitor | 145 (97/48) | 16 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6 |
| Placebo | 74 (56/18) | |||||
| Deodhar (25) | 2018 | America & Canada | TNF-α inhibitor | 105 (86/19) | 16 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASDAI50, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 103 (77/26) | |||||
| Pavelka (26) | 2017 | Multiple countries | IL17 inhibitor | 150 (96/54) | 16 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 76 (40/36) | |||||
| Pang (27) | 2008 | China | TNF-α inhibitor | 21 | 6 | ASAS20, BASDAI50 |
| Placebo | 19 | |||||
| total | 40 (39/1) | |||||
| Deodhar (28) | 2021 | Multiple countries | JAK inhibitor | 133 (116/17) | 16 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASDAI50, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 136 (108/28) | |||||
| Hu (29) | 2012 | China | TNF-α inhibitor | 26 (24/2) | 12 | BASFI |
| Placebo | 20 (20/0) | |||||
| Baeten (30) | 2013 | Multiple countries | IL17 inhibitor | 24 (14/10) | 6 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, AEs |
| Placebo | 6 (5/1) | |||||
| Dougados (31) | 2011 | Multiple countries | TNF-α inhibitor | 39 (37/2) | 12 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASDAI50, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 43 (39/4) | |||||
| Baeten (32) | 2018 | Multiple countries | IL23 inhibitor | 119 (88/31) | 12 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, AEs |
| Placebo | 40 (25/15) | |||||
| Bao (33) | 2014 | China | TNF-α inhibitor | 108 (90/18) | 16 | ASAS20, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 105 (87/18) | |||||
| Maksymowych (34) | 2008 | America & Canada | TNF-α inhibitor | 38 (29/9) | 12 | BASFI, dead |
| Placebo | 44 (36/8) | |||||
| Horneff (35) | 2012 | Germany | TNF-α inhibitor | 17 (10/7) | 12 | ASAS20, ASAS40, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 15 (7/8) | |||||
| Inman (36) | 2010 | Canada | TNF-α inhibitor | 39 (32/7) | 12 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASDAI50, mortality |
| Placebo | 37 (29/8) | |||||
| Braun (37) | 2002 | Germany | TNF-α inhibitor | 34 (23/11) | 12 | BASDAI50 |
| Placebo | 35 (22/13) | |||||
| Gorman (38) | 2002 | America | TNF-α inhibitor | 20 (13/7) | 16 | ASAS20, BASFI, mortality |
| Placebo | 20 (18/2) | |||||
| Deodhar (39) | 2019 | Multiple countries | IL23 inhibitor | 441 (373/68) | 24 | ASAS20, ASAS40, BASDAI50, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 220 (181/39) | |||||
| Calin (40) | 2004 | Multiple countries | TNF-α inhibitor | 45 (36/9) | 12 | ASAS20 |
| Placebo | 39 (30/9) | |||||
| Huang (41) | 2020 | China | IL17 inhibitor | 305 (252/53) | 16 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 153 (132/21) | |||||
| Davis Jr (42) | 2003 | Multiple countries | TNF-α inhibitor | 138 (105/33) | 24 | ASAS20, BASFI |
| Placebo | 139 (105/34) | |||||
| Erdes (43) | 2020 | Russia & Belarus | IL17 inhibitor | 66 (58/15) | 16 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASFI, AEs, Mortality |
| Placebo | 22 (15/7) | |||||
| Maksymowych (44) | 2010 | Canada | TNF-α inhibitor | 18 (14/4) | 12 | ASAS20, ASAS40 |
| Placebo | 18 (14/4) | |||||
| Huang (45) | 2014 | China | TNF-α inhibitor | 229 (185/44) | 12 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASDAI50, BASFI, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 115 (95/20) | |||||
| Kivitz (46) | 2018 | Multiple countries | IL17 inhibitor | 233 (164/69) | 16 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, AEs, mortality |
| Placebo | 117 (76/41) | |||||
| Deodhar (47) | 2016 | Multiple countries | IL17 inhibitor | 249 (172/77) | 16 | BASFI |
| Placebo | 112 (85/27) | |||||
| Burgos-Vargas (48) | 2022 | Mexico | TNF-α inhibitor | 12 (12/0) | 12 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASFI |
| Placebo | 14 (13/1) | |||||
| van der Heijde (49) | 2022 | Multiple countries | JAK inhibitor | 211 (153/58) | 14 | ASAS20, ASAS40, BASDAI50, AEs |
| Placebo | 209 (158/51) | |||||
| Deng (50) | 2006 | China | TNF-α inhibitor | 26 (26/0) | 6 | ASAS20, BASDAI50, BASFI, ASs |
| Placebo | 26 (24/2) | |||||
| Huang (51) | 2010 | China | TNF-α inhibitor | 74 (63/11) | 6 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASFI, ASs |
| Placebo | 78 (64/14) | |||||
| Huang (52) | 2011 | China | TNF-α inhibitor | 298 | 6 | ASAS20, ASAS5/6, BASDAI50, ASs |
| Placebo | 99 | |||||
| Ma (53) | 2017 | China | TNF-α inhibitor | 13 (12/1) | 14 | ASAS20, ASAS40, BASFI, ASs |
| Placebo | 12 (12/0) | |||||
| Zhang (54) | 2009 | China | TNF-α inhibitor | 43 | 6 | ASAS20, BASDAI50, BASFI |
| Placebo | 43 | |||||
| Zhang (55) | 2009 | China | TNF-α inhibitor | 52 (48/4) | 6 | AEs |
| Placebo | 52 (47/5) | |||||
| Zhang (56) | 2010 | China | TNF-α inhibitor | 115 (99/16) | 6 | ASAS20, ASAS40, ASAS5/6, BASDAI50, BASFI |
| Placebo | 38 (34/4) |
IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor-necrosis-factor alpha; JAK, Janus Kinase; ASAS20, 40: Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society 20%, 40% improvement; ASAS5/6: ≥20% improvement in 5 out of 6 the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society domains; BASFI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; BASDAI50: improvement of at least 50% in the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; AEs, adverse events.