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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 13.
Published in final edited form as: J Community Health. 2021 Feb;46(1):86–97. doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00847-3

Table 2:

Descriptive Statistics of Zip Code Level Data

Variable N = 120 Frequency (%) Mean (SD [Range])
Demographic Indicator Variables

Race/Ethnicity

Majority Racial/Ethnic Minority Zip Code (>50% of population identifies as a racial/ethnic minority) 15 12.5
Majority Non-Hispanic White Zip Code (>50%) 105 87.5

Urbanicity

Urban (Population Density>3,000 people/mi2) 23 19.17
Peri-Urban (1,000–3,000 people/mi2) 15 12.5
Rural (<1,000 people/mi2) 82 68.33

Additional Potential Covariates

Percentage of Population Living Below Poverty Line

Average Percent of People Living Below Poverty Line 11.50% (SD = 8.31, [0–63])

Percentage of Unemployed

Average Percent of People (Over the age of 16) Unemployed 4.30% (SD = 3.00, [0–23.3])

Percentage of Households on SNAP

Average Percent of Households on SNAP 8.21% (SD=7.57, [0–55.6])

Geographic Food Access Variables

Presence of Supermarket/Large Grocery Store

Access within zip code 72 60
Access in neighboring zip codes 44 36.67
No access within or in neighboring zip codes 4 3.33

Presence of Convenience Store

Access within zip code 102 85
Access in neighboring zip codes 18 15
No access within or in neighboring zip codes 0 0