Fig. 1.

A XRD patterns of pure A1) TiO₂, A2) 1%, A3) 5%, A4) 10%, A5) 33% Cu doped TiO₂ and A6) pure CuO. B Low resolution TEM images (B1-B4), which indicate spherical morphology of as prepared samples of B1) 1%, B2) 5%, B3) 10% and B4) 33% Cu-doped TiO₂ NPs with primary particle sizes in the range of 10–20 nm. Images B1a-B4a (middle row) display HR-TEM images of 1%, 5%, 10%, 33% Cu doped TiO₂ and images B1b-B4b display SAED patterns (third row). Data shows particles are highly crystalline and ultrafine