. 2023 Jan-Mar;27(1):e2022.00093. doi: 10.4293/JSLS.2022.00093

Table 2.

Summary of Included Studies – Routine and Selective Intraoperative Cholangiography (IOC) Use in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Author, Year of publication, country	Study Design	Study period	Policy of IOC	Incidence of BDI with and without IOC	IOC policy	Number of patients	Conversions to open	Patient demographics	Outcomes
Author, Year of publication, country	Study Design	Study period	Policy of IOC	Incidence of BDI with and without IOC	IOC policy	Number of patients	Conversions to open	Patient demographics	BDI	CBD stone detection incidence	Missed stones
Amott, 2005, Australia⁴³	Prospective Randomized study	1995 – 2002	Routine and Selective	Routine: 0.68%	Routine	148	nil	NR	1/148	12/94	3/152
Amott, 2005, Australia⁴³	Prospective Randomized study	1995 – 2002	Routine and Selective	Selective 0.65%	Selective	155	nil	NR	1/155	5/34	5/163
Carlson, 1993, USA⁴⁴	Prospective study	Not stated	Routine and Selective	Routine: 0.61%	Routine	164	nil	NR	1/164	NR	0/164
Carlson, 1993, USA⁴⁴	Prospective study	Not stated	Routine and Selective	Selective: 0%	Selective	155	nil	NR	0/155	NR	1/155
Guerra-Filho, 2007, Brazil¹⁷	Prospective study	1992 – 1994	Routine and selective	Not recorded	Routine	127	nil	Mean age = 48.8 (13 – 83) years, M:F ratio = 1:3 approximately	NR	11/102	NR
Guerra-Filho, 2007, Brazil¹⁷	Prospective study	1992 – 1994	Routine and selective		Selective	127	nil	Mean age = 47.9 (12 – 91) years, M:F ratio = 1:3 approximately	NR	7/59	NR
Kohn, 2004, USA¹⁸	Retrospective study	1999 – 2000	Routine and Selective	Not recorded	Routine	38	0/38	Mean age = 49 years, M:F ratio = 12:27	NR	5/38	0/38
Kohn, 2004, USA¹⁸	Retrospective study	1999 – 2000	Routine and Selective		Selective	112	20/112	Mean age = 47 years, M:F ratio = 43:69	NR	5/28	5/112
Ladosci, 1997, England¹⁶	Randomized trial	1991 – 1993	Routine and Selective	Routine: 0.36%Selective: 0%	Routine	276	19/276	Mean age = 48.1 ± 16.4 years, M:F ratio = 24.6:73.6	1/276	13/187	0/276
Ladosci, 1997, England¹⁶	Randomized trial	1991 – 1993	Routine and Selective	Routine: 0.36%Selective: 0%	Selective	458	15/458	Mean age = 49 ± 16.3 years, M:F ratio = 1:3 approximately	0/458	8/78	0/458
Nickkholgh, 2006, Iran²	Retrospective study	1992 – 2001	Routine and Selective	Routine: 0%Selective: 0.25%	Routine	1330	61 total, not described which group	NR	0/1330	37/1330	2/1330
Nickkholgh, 2006, Iran²	Retrospective study	1992 – 2001	Routine and Selective	Routine: 0%Selective: 0.25%	Selective	800		NR	2/800	9/159	9/800
Snow, 2001, USA⁴⁵	Retrospective study	1989 – 1998	Routine and Selective	0% both	Routine	1522	nil	NR	0/1522	136/1517	42/1522
Snow, 2001, USA⁴⁵	Retrospective study	1989 – 1998	Routine and Selective		Selective	139	nil	NR	0/487	0/138	0/487

Abbreviations: IOC, Intraoperative Cholangiography; BDI, bile duct injury; CBD, common bile duct.