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. 2023 Mar 13;21:93. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02769-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Forest plots of the random-effects models of the association of childhood maltreatment with depression (A) and cardiometabolic disease (B). CM, childhood maltreatment. Dep., depression. Card., cardiometabolic disease. OR, odds ratio. CI, confidence interval. Note. Squares represent effect sizes of individual studies. Their size reflects the precision of the estimate based on the random-effect model. The diamond represents the pooled effect size across studies in the center of the diamond, and the lower and upper 95% confidence interval limits at the left and right side of the diamond