Table 2.

Overview of results of meta-analyzed models

Model specification	k	Outcome levels	n	Pooled OR [95% CI]
Main models
Binomial regressions
1. Association of childhood maltreatment with depressiona	13	No depression	115,959	ref
		Depression	39,910	2.82 [2.40; 3.30]
2. Association of childhood maltreatment with cardiometabolic diseasea	13	No cardiometabolic disease	162,511	ref
		Cardiometabolic disease	15,421	1.34 [1.23; 1.46]
2a. Outcome: diabetes mellitus1	12	No diabetes	168,943	ref
		Diabetes	7330	1.35 [1.19; 1.53]
2b. Outcome: cardiovascular diseasea	11	No cardiovascular disease	165,502	ref
		Cardiovascular disease	9216	1.39 [1.26; 1.54]
Multinomial logistic regressions
3. Association of childhood maltreatment with comorbidity statusa	9	Healthy controls	99,191	ref
		Depression only	34,360	2.68 [2.39; 3.00]
		Cardiometabolic disease only	9051	1.27 [1.18; 1.37]
		Comorbidity	3565	3.04 [2.51; 3.68]
4. Model 3 + adjustment of lifestyle factorsb	9	Healthy controls	90,166	ref
		Depression only	30,544	2.57 [2.28; 2.89]
		Cardiometabolic disease only	8181	1.25 [1.15; 1.36]
		Comorbidity	3175	2.99 [2.46; 3.63]
5a. Model 3 in males onlya	7	Healthy controls	46,327	ref
		Depression only	10,402	2.92 [2.51; 3.40]
		Cardiometabolic disease only	5314	1.13 [1.01; 1.27]
		Comorbidity	1582	2.90 [2.37; 3.53]
5b. Model 3 in females onlya	8	Healthy controls	49,571	ref
		Depression only	23,167	2.59 [2.30; 2.91]
		Cardiometabolic disease only	3438	1.41 [1.26; 1.57]
		Comorbidity	1942	3.49 [2.79; 4.36]
6. Model 3 with predictorsa =  Physical abuse	6	Healthy controls	88,347c	ref
		Depression only	32,198c	1.53 [1.41; 1.66]
		Cardiometabolic disease only	8481c	1.45 [1.24;1.71]
		Comorbidity	3411c	2.06 [1.78; 2.39]
Emotional abuse		Healthy controls	88,347c	ref
		Depression only	32,198c	2.87 [2.56; 3.22]
		Cardiometabolic disease only	8481c	1.29 [1.11; 1.49]
		Comorbidity	3411c	[2.16; 3.83]
Sexual abuse		Healthy controls	88,347c	ref
		Depression only	32,198c	1.66 [1.56; 1.76]
		Cardiometabolic disease only	8481c	1.09 [1.01; 1.17]
		Comorbidity	3411c	1.60 [1.19; 2.15]
7. Model 3 with cumulation of maltreatment types as predictora =  1 type (vs. 0 type)	6	Healthy controls	88,347c	ref
		Depression only	32,198c	2.32 [2.22; 2.41]
		Cardiometabolic disease only	8482c	1.17 [1.07; 1.28]
		Comorbidity	3411c	2.37 [1.87; 3.01]
2 or more types (vs. 0 type)		Healthy controls	88,347c	ref
		Depression only	32,198c	5.14 [3.93; 6.72]
		Cardiometabolic disease only	8482c	1.83 [1.49; 2.26]
		Comorbidity	3411c	5.96 [3.59; 9.90]
Sensitivity analyses—multinomial logistic regressions
8. Model 3 with outcome = comorbidity status based on strict definition of cardiovascular diseasea	9	Healthy controls	101,203	ref
		Depression only	35,279	2.66 [2.37; 2.98]
		Cardiometabolic disease only	7030	1.28 [1.18; 1.40]
		Comorbidity	2643	3.09 [2.54; 3.75]
9. Model 3 with outcome = comorbidity status based on broad definition of cardiovascular diseasea	11	Healthy controls	81,817	ref
		Depression only	28,612	2.84 [2.41; 3.35]
		Cardiometabolic disease only	27,178	1.11 [1.06; 1.17]
		Comorbidity	10,364	3.00 [2.69; 3.36]
10. Model 3 with outcome = comorbidity status based on medication intake in addition to reports of diagnosesa	7	Healthy controls	78,989	ref
		Depression only	31,266	2.83 [2.27; 3.53]
		Cardiometabolic disease only	16,896	1.13 [1.00; 1.26]
		Comorbidity	6517	2.76 [2.28; 3.35]

^aMinimal adjustment: correction for age, sex, and education level

^bMinimal + additional adjustment: correction for age, sex, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity

^cThese sample sizes are specific to each outcome level and across all predictors and predictor levels

Abbreviations: k number of studies included, n sample size used in model, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, ref outcome reference category in logistic regressions

An overview of the cohorts included in each meta-analyzed model can be found in Additional file 1: Table S6