Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 13.
Published in final edited form as: Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 May 10;150:113088. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113088

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, and cell death mechanisms after electrotransfer of pDNA to keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Transfection efficiency was measured by flow cytometry in a) keratinocytes and b) fibroblasts (n = 3). Cell survival was measured by metabolic activity in c) keratinocytes and d) fibroblasts (n = 3–4) data were normalized to control. Apoptosis and necrosis were quantified by detecting Annexin V and 7-AAD staining using flow cytometry in e) keratinocytes and f) fibroblasts (n = 3) data were normalized to control. In a and b * **p < 0.001, * *p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 compared to different pulse protocols; in c and d * **p < 0.001, * *p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 compared to control; in e and f *p < 0.05 refers to apoptotic cells, #p < 0.05 refers to necrotic cells.