Table III.
Patient-reported outcomes
| Total cohort (n=101) | Mild AD (n=38) | Moderate AD (n=37) | Severe AD (n=26) | p-value* | Adjusted p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POEM, median (IQR)a | 15.0 (10.0–20.0) | 12.0 (8.8–15.0) | 19.0 (15.0–24.0) | 17.0 (9.5–22.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Missing, n (%) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.7) | ||
| VAS itch, median (IQR)b | 6.0 (3.0–8.0) | 5.0 (2.0–7.0) | 8.0 (5.0–8.0) | 5.0 (3.0–8.3) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| VAS pain, median (IQR)b | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) | 2.0 (0.0–3.3) | 3.0 (0.5–6.5) | 4.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.014 | 0.037 |
| CDLQI, median (IQR)b | 8.0 (4.0–12.0) | 5.0 (3.0–8.0) | 9.0 (7.0–12.0) | 9.5 (4.0–15.8) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Completed by parents, n (%) | 86 (85.1) | 35 (92.1) | 31 (83.8) | 20 (76.9) | ||
| DLQI, median (IQR)c | 6.0 (2.0–13.0) | 2.0 (1.0–n/a) | 12.5 (4.8–14.8) | 8.0 (3.3–13.8) | 0.142 | 0.214 |
| Completed by patients, n (%) | 15 (14.9) | 3 (7.9) | 6 (16.2) | 6 (23.1) | ||
| DFI, median (IQR)d | 5.0 (2.3–9.0) | 3.5 (2.0–8.0) | 6.0 (3.0–10.0) | 6.0 (1.0–13.0) | 0.110 | 0.214 |
| Missing, n (%) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.8) | ||
| EQ-5D-Y**, n (%)a | ||||||
| Mobility | 0.794 | 0.822 | ||||
| Problems | 11 (10.9) | 5 (13.2) | 3 (8.1) | 3 (11.5) | ||
| No Problems | 88 (87.1) | 33 (86.8) | 33 (89.2) | 22 (84.6) | ||
| Self-care | 0.822 | 0.822 | ||||
| Problems | 27 (26.7) | 10 (26.3) | 9 (24.3) | 8 (30.8) | ||
| No Problems | 72 (71.3) | 28 (73.7) | 27 (73.0) | 17 (65.4) | ||
| Daily activity | 0.422 | 0.482 | ||||
| Problems | 38 (37.6) | 12 (31.6) | 14 (37.8) | 12 (46.2) | ||
| No Problems | 61 (60.4) | 26 (68.4) | 22 (59.5) | 13 (50.0) | ||
| Pain/discomfort | 0.147 | 0.214 | ||||
| Problems | 60 (59.4) | 19 (50.0) | 26 (70.3) | 15 (57.7) | ||
| No Problems | 39 (38.6) | 19 (50.0) | 10 (27.0) | 10 (38.5) | ||
| Anxiety/depression | 0.100 | 0.214 | ||||
| Problems | 42 (41.6) | 11 (28.9) | 18 (48.6) | 13 (50.0) | ||
| No Problems | 57 (56.4) | 27 (71.1) | 18 (48.6) | 12 (46.2) | ||
| Missing, n (%) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (3.8) | ||
| VAS EQ-5D-Y, median (IQR)a | 80.0 (70.0–90.0) | 82.5 (80.0–91.8) | 75.0 (70.0–90.0) | 65.0 (50.0–79.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Missing, n (%) | 3 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.7) | 2 (7.7) | ||
| T-score PROMIS anxiety, median (IQR)e | 54.8 (50.9–62.1) | 53.5 (49.6–58.5) | 56.0 (50.9–63.9) | 56.0 (49.9–63.0) | 0.268 | 0.357 |
| Missing due to age, n (%) | 25 (24.8) | 13 (34.2) | 8 (21.6) | 4 (15.4) | ||
| Missing, n (%) | 4 (4.0) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.7) | ||
| Impairment in caregivers’ work, median (IQR)d | 0.0 (0.0–20.0) | 0.0 (0.0–17.5) | 0.0 (0.0–19.2) | 20.0 (0.0–60.0) | 0.126 | 0.214 |
| Missing due to unemployment, n (%) | 14 (13.9) | 5 (13.2) | 6 (16.2) | 3 (11.5) | ||
| Missing, n (%) | 10 (9.9) | 3 (7.9) | 4 (10.8) | 3 (11.5) | ||
| Impairment in caregivers’ daily activities, median (IQR)d | 10.0 (0.0–30.0) | 10.0 (0.0–22.5) | 0.0 (0.0–20.0) | 10.0 (0.0–57.5) | 0.375 | 0.462 |
| Missing, n (%) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.7) | ||
| School absenteeism, days per year, median (IQR)d | 3 (0.1–8.8) | 1.0 (0.0–3.0) | 4.0 (1.0–8.8) | 9.0 (3.0–20.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Missing, n (%) | 5 (5.0) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.7) | 3 (11.5) |
Questionnaire completed by caregivers of patients aged <16 years and by patients aged ≥16 years.
Questionnaire completed by caregivers of patients aged <12 years and by patients aged 12–17 years.
Questionnaire completed in by patients aged 17 years.
Questionnaire completed by caregivers.
Questionnaire completed by patients aged ≥8 years.
p-value <0.05 was considered significant. p-values were adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg method, controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) (32).
EQ-5D-Y, “problems” include “some problems” and “problems” with the concomitant dimension.
IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation; POEM: Patient Oriented Eczema Measure; VAS: visual analogue scale; CDLQI: Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index; DFI: Dermatitis Family Impact; PROMIS: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.