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. 2023 Mar 13:1–13. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s11469-023-01035-9

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Fig. 1 — Self-esteem is negatively associated with risk of problematic alcohol use.

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score for participants in China (N = 1123; red) and Germany (N = 1018; blue) is plotted as a function of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) score.