Table 2.

Racial Differences on Predisposing, Enabling, and Needs for Service Factors

	White (n = 170)		Black (n = 89)
Variable	M/n	SD/%	M/n	SD/%	Effect size
Paid care services	86	50.6	56	62.9	phi = 0.12
Predisposing factors
Agea	83.4	7.2	81.4	7.2	d = 0.25
Female	111	65.3	61	68.5	phi = 0.04
Enabling factors
HS graduate and above	111	66.5	37	42.5	phi = 0.21**
Married/partnered	66	38.8	21	23.9	phi = 0.14*
Number of childrena	2.8	1.8	3.6	2.9	d = −0.38*
Rent and other arrangement	46	32.9	34	42	phi = 0.05
Incomea	9.9	1.6	9.2	2	d = 0.26*
Medicaid	28	17.7	36	42.4	phi = 0.22**
TriCare	12	7.4	1	1.2	phi = 0.12*
Private long-term care insurance	18	10.6	7	7.9	phi = 0.04
Need factors
Number of helpersa	8.5	3.7	10.4	3.6	d = −0.53*
Recent fall	75	44.1	29	32.6	phi = 0.11
Activity limitationa	5	4.6	5.8	4.2	d = −0.22
Multimorbidity	124	72.9	66	74.2	phi = 0.01
Proxy respondent	49	28.8	38	42.7	phi = 0.15*

Notes: HS = high school. Income was log-transformed.

^aVariables were measured as continuous.

*p < .05.

^** p < .01.