Table 3.
Dyadic-Level Characteristics and Associations With Dyadic Sleep Outcomes (Models 1–4 for H2–3)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Est (SE) | Est (SE) | Est (SE) | Est (SE) | |
| Frequency of trouble falling back asleep | ||||
| Fixed effect | ||||
| Intercept | 3.918 (0.115)*** | 3.927 (0.115)*** | 3.264 (0.335)*** | 2.026 (0.787)** |
| Caregiving burden | −0.292 (0.069)*** | −0.310 (0.070)*** | −0.283 (0.073)*** | 0.457 (0.432) |
| Dementia | 0.100 (0.090) | 0.107 (0.091) | 0.093 (0.091) | |
| Neighborhood cohesion | 0.085 (0.064) | 0.088 (0.064) | ||
| Care support | 0.021 (0.028) | 0.025 (0.028) | ||
| Relationship quality | 0.114 (0.077) | 0.492 (0.231)* | ||
| Care burden × relationship quality | −0.232 (0.133)† | |||
| Random effect | ||||
| Compound symmetry | 0.018 (0.057) | 0.017 (0.057) | 0.017 (0.057) | 0.014 (0.057) |
| Residual | 1.203 (0.080)*** | 1.205 (0.080)*** | 1.200 (0.080)*** | 1.200 (0.080)*** |
| −2 log likelihood | 2,785.4 | 2,782.4 | 2,775.4 | 2,774.6 |
| AIC; BIC | 2,789.4; 2,797.6 | 2,786.4; 2,794.7 | 2,779.4; 2,787.6 | 2,778.6; 2,786.8 |
| Insomnia symptoms | ||||
| Fixed effect | ||||
| Intercept | 4.132 (0.098)*** | 4.140 (0.098)*** | 3.693 (0.285)*** | 3.075 (0.670)*** |
| Caregiving burden | −0.334 (0.058)*** | −0.356 (0.060)*** | −0.328 (0.062)*** | 0.042 (0.368) |
| Dementia | 0.122 (0.077) | 0.129 (0.077) | 0.122 (0.077) | |
| Neighborhood cohesion | 0.086 (0.054) | 0.087 (0.054) | ||
| Care support | −0.006 (0.024) | −0.005 (0.024) | ||
| Relationship quality | 0.064 (0.065) | 0.253 (0.196) | ||
| Care burden × relationship quality | −0.116 (0.113) | |||
| Random effect | ||||
| Compound symmetry | 0.025 (0.041) | 0.023 (0.041) | 0.021 (0.041) | 0.021 (0.041) |
| Residual | 0.844 (0.056)*** | 0.846 (0.056)*** | 0.848 (0.056)*** | 0.849 (0.056)*** |
| −2 log likelihood | 2,477.5 | 2,470.8 | 2,474.6 | 2,476.1 |
| AIC; BIC | 2,481.5; 2,489.7 | 2,478.0; 2,486.3 | 2,478.6; 2,486.9 | 2,480.1; 2,488.4 |
Notes: All predictors in Models 1–4 were measured at the dyadic level, reported by either care recipients or spousal caregivers. Caregivers reported caregiving burden, care support, and relationship quality. Dementia diagnosis was based on the care recipients only; care recipients reported neighborhood cohesion. AIC = Akaike information criterion; BIC = Bayesian information criterion; EST = estimate; SE = standard error.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. †p < .08.