eAPPENDIX 1.
Univariate Analysis of Factors Associated With Mortality for Patients With Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay ≥ 7 Daysa
| At discharge | At follow-up | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Variables | Survived (n = 1049) | Deceased (n = 125) | P value | Survived (n = 754) | Deceased (n = 420) | P value |
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| Preoperative | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
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| Sex, male | 654 (62) | 69 (55) | .14 | 470 (62) | 253 (60) | .49 |
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| Race, White | 889 (85) | 102 (82) | .36 | 632 (84) | 359 (86) | .50 |
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| Smoker | 416 (40) | 56 (45) | .29 | 261 (35) | 211 (50) | < .001 |
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| Diabetes mellitus | 287 (27) | 44 (35) | .07 | 190 (25) | 141 (34) | .003 |
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| Renal failure | 268 (26) | 44 (35) | .02 | 188 (25) | 124 (30) | .01 |
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| Dialysis | 58 (6) | 15 (12) | .01 | 41(5) | 32 (8) | .17 |
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| Hypertension | 689 (66) | 81 (65) | .84 | 478 (63) | 292 (70) | .04 |
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| Cerebrovascular accident | 93 (9) | 17 (13) | .10 | 65 (9) | 45 (11) | .25 |
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| Cerebrovascular disease | 159 (15) | 31 (25) | .01 | 115 (15) | 75 (18) | .25 |
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| Infectious endocarditis | 88 (9) | 19 (15) | .02 | 62 (8) | 45 (11) | .17 |
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| Chronic lung disease | .01 | .07 | ||||
| Mild | 130 (12) | 18 (14) | 86 (11) | 62 (15) | ||
| Moderate or severe | 120 (11) | 25 (20) | 86 (11) | 59 (14) | ||
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| Peripheral vascular disease | 120 (11) | 23 (18) | .03 | 73 (10) | 70 (17) | .001 |
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| Myocardial infarction | 321 (31) | 38 (30) | .99 | 212 (28) | 147 (35) | .02 |
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| Congestive heart failure | 530 (51) | 64 (51) | .93 | 365 (48) | 229 (55) | .05 |
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| Cardiogenic shock | 129 (12) | 15 (12) | .99 | 100 (13) | 44 (11) | .19 |
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| Resuscitation | 8 (1) | 2 (2) | .29 | 7 (1) | 3 (1) | .99 |
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| Preoperative | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
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| Age, y | 61 (14) | 64 (12) | .02 | 59 (14) | 65 (13) | < .001 |
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| Weight, kg | 85.1 (22.9) | 85.2 (22.1) | .93 | 86.2 (23.0) | 81.9 (22.1) | < .001 |
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| Body mass index | 27.3 (6.9) | 27.5 (7.2) | .74 | 27.8 (7.1) | 26.3 (6.7) | < .001 |
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| Ejection fraction | 41 (21) | 43 (19) | .25 | 41 (21) | 41 (21) | .77 |
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| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.50 (1.31) | 1.85 (1.77) | .09 | 1.46 (1.26) | 1.71 (1.58) | .04 |
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| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.8 (1.1) | 1.7 (4.7) | .09 | 0.9 (2.0) | 0.9 (1.6) | .68 |
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| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.8 (2.3) | 11.4 (2.5) | .08 | 12.0 (2.3) | 11.5 (2.2) | .004 |
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| Hematocrit, % | 35.1 (6.6) | 34.2 (7.0) | .23 | 35.5 (6.7) | 34.1 (6.5) | .01 |
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| White blood cells, 103/μL | 9.1 (4.7) | 10.4 (9.5) | .23 | 9.4 (5.8) | 9.0 (4.8) | .37 |
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| Operative | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
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| Procedures | ||||||
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 233 (22) | 26 (21) | .82 | 148 (20) | 111 (26) | .008 |
| Valve | 566 (54) | 85 (68) | .003 | 408 (54) | 243 (58) | .22 |
| Aortic | 310 (30) | 29 (23) | .15 | 230 (31) | 109 (26) | .11 |
| Ventricular-assist device | 200 (19) | 13 (10) | .02 | 136 (18) | 77 (18) | .94 |
| Transplant | 87 (8) | 5 (4) | .11 | 72 (10) | 20 (5) | .003 |
| Other | 30 (3) | 8 (6) | .05 | 29 (4) | 9 (2) | .12 |
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| Hypothermic circulatory arrest | 174 (17) | 12 (10) | .05 | 126 (17) | 60 (14) | .32 |
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| No. procedures | .80 | .71 | ||||
| 1 | 710 (68) | 87 (70) | 510 (68) | 287 (68) | ||
| 2 | 303 (29) | 35 (28) | 221 (29) | 117 (28) | ||
| 3 | 36 (3) | 3 (2) | 23 (3) | 16 (4) | ||
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| Return to operating room | 20 (2) | 0 (0) | .26 | 12 (2) | 8 (2) | .82 |
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| Operative | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
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| Cross-clamp, min | 127 (71) | 140 (87) | .19 | 130 (71) | 127 (77) | .67 |
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| Perfusion, min | 160 (88) | 180 (105) | .046 | 163 (89) | 160 (92) | .62 |
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| Operative | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||
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| Transfusion | ||||||
| Red cell | 4 (2–7) | 5 (2–8) | .13 | 4 (2–7) | 4 (2–8) | .12 |
| Plasma | 3 (0–7) | 4 (0–7) | .33 | 4 (0–7) | 3 (0–7) | .97 |
| Platelet | 2 (2–5) | 2 (2–6) | .56 | 2 (2–5) | 2 (2–5) | .33 |
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| Cryoprecipitate | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | .02 | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | .78 |
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| Postoperative day 7 | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
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| Vasopressor | 99 (16) | 27 (33) | < .001 | 84 (18) | 42 (18) | .83 |
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| Ventilator support | 234 (22) | 60 (48) | < .001 | 187 (25) | 107 (26) | .83 |
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| Renal replacement therapy | 65 (6%) | 19 (15) | .001 | 51 (7) | 33 (8) | .48 |
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| Transfusion | ||||||
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| Red cell | 132 (21) | 24 (29) | .12 | 105 (22) | 51 (22) | .92 |
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| Plasma | 62 (10) | 10 (12) | .56 | 46 (10) | 26 (11) | .51 |
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| Platelet | 52 (8) | 10 (12) | .27 | 38 (8) | 24 (11) | .26 |
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| Cryoprecipitate transfusion | 5 (1) | 1 (1) | .52 | 5 (1) | 1 (< 1) | .67 |
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| Pneumonia | 118 (18) | 117 (29) | < .001 | |||
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| Postoperative day 7 | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
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| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.68 (1.26) | 1.94 (1.10) | .08 | 1.65 (1.18) | 1.82 (1.36) | .10 |
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| Sodium, mmol/L | 140 (5.9) | 140 (6.6) | .83 | 140 (6) | 140 (6) | .59 |
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| Chloride, mmol/L | 105 (6.9) | 104 (6.7) | .33 | 104 (7) | 104 (7) | .85 |
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| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.3 (2.2) | 10.8 (4.0) | .11 | 10.3 (2.8) | 10.6 (1.6) | .15 |
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| Hematocrit, % | 29.9 (4.6) | 29.8 (4.5) | .91 | 29.5 (4.4) | 30.7 (4.8) | .001 |
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| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.7 (2.5) | 4.3 (7.3) | .01 | 2.0 (3.7) | 2.0 (3.2) | .93 |
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| Alanine transaminase, U/L | 125 (403) | 248 (423) | .03 | 167 (478) | 86 (144) | .004 |
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| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 93 (57) | 105 (90) | .14 | 96 (66) | 92 (53) | .53 |
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| White blood cells, 103/μL | 12.1 (5.0) | 16.5 (9.6) | < .001 | 12.8 (6.1) | 12.1 (5.5) | .16 |
a
Data not available for all variables for all patients; for continuous variables with data missing, available data used from total no. patients for survival at discharge, mortality at discharge, survival at follow-up, mortality at follow-up: age, weight, body mass index (1049, 125, 754, 420, respectively); ejection fraction (989, 120, 705, 410, respectively); preop creatinine, bilirubin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells (625, 82, 478, 229, respectively); cross-clamp time (753, 88, 557, 284, respectively); perfusion time (1006, 118, 724, 400, respectively); day 7 creatinine, sodium, chloride, white blood cells (624, 81, 476, 229, respectively); day 7 hemoglobin (622, 80, 474, 228, respectively); day 7 hematocrit (622, 81, 223, 61, respectively), day 7 bilirubin, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase (481, 64, 376, 169, respectively).