Fig. 1. Global CO₂ emissions 1970–2022.

Historical CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel combustion and the process of cement production (‘Fossil CO₂’)¹⁰ coloured by industry sector, and those with land-use change (LUC) emissions⁶ (‘Fossil + LUC’). International bunkers describe emissions from international aviation and international shipping. The inset displays daily near-real-time CO₂ emissions since 2019 from the Carbon Monitor^1,2 initiative and year-on-year percent changes. Note that total emissions and percent changes have been revised slightly from earlier estimates³. Global CO₂ emissions continue to grow after a brief decline in 2020, which if it persists, it will use up the remaining 1.5 °C carbon budget within 2–7 years.