Table 2.

Top sites identified as differentially methylated in primary Sjögren syndrome

CpG site	Position (Chr:bp)	Gene	P value	Methylation status (hypermethylated (+) or hypomethylated (−))	Tissue	Interferon induced?a	Refs.
cg07515989	1:43250763	NA	1.39 × 10−8	+	Salivary glands	NA	53
cg03607951	1:79085586	IFI44L	9.9 × 10−67	−	Blood and B cells	Yes	52,53
cg04268125	1:154579384	ADAR	1.83 × 10−11	−	Blood	Yes	52
cg10549986	2:7018153	RSAD2	1.4 × 10−17	−	B cells	Yes	53
cg09858955	2:58135951	VRK2	2.14 × 10−14	−	Blood	Yes	52
cg22930808	3:122281881	PARP9–DTX3L	2.4 × 10−55	−	Blood and B cells	Yes	52,53
cg06981309	3:146260954	PLSCR1	4.1 × 10−51	−	Blood and B cells	Yes	52,53
cg24678928	4:169240829	DDX60	2.84 × 10−16	−	Blood	Yes	52
cg17608381	6:29911550	HLA-A	3.4 × 10−15	−	Blood	Yes	53
cg24399349	7:55517045	NA	2.38 × 10−8	+	Salivary glands	NA	53
cg02680398	8:4629524	CSMD1	1.22 × 10−8	−	Salivary glands	No	53
cg01232121	8:58177661	LOC286177	1.59 × 10−8	−	Salivary glands	No	53
cg14864167	8:66751182	PDE7A	2.55 × 10−10	−	Blood	Yes	52
cg06188083	10:91093005	IFIT3	8.85 × 10−18	−	Blood	Yes	52
cg05552874	10:91153143	IFIT1	2.7 × 10−56	−	Blood and B cells	Yes	52,53
cg06999856	10:135260170	NA	2.79 × 10−8	+	Salivary glands	NA	53
cg23570810	11:315102	IFITM1	6.1 × 10−38	−	Blood and B cells	Yes	52,53
cg23198815	11:87184120	NA	3.73 × 10−8	−	Salivary glands	NA	53
cg14943355	12:3980704	PARP11	2.85 × 10−16	−	Blood	Yes	52
cg04740359	12:5603542	NTF3	1.39 × 10−9	−	Salivary glands	Yes	53
cg20870559	12:113416518	OAS2	1.02 × 10−9	−	Salivary glands	Yes	53
cg12439472	13:43565399	EPSTI1	2.32 × 10−17	−	Blood	Yes	52
cg18329187	14:103989711	CKB	2.8 × 10−8	+	Salivary glands	Yes	53
cg03425812	15:45005363	B2M	6.11 × 10−11	−	Blood	Yes	52
cg07839457	16:57023022	NLRC5	7.59 × 10−20	−	Blood	Yes	52
cg25330422	17:40467382	STAT3	3.2 × 10−13	+	B cells	Yes	53
cg00871371	17:75371476	SEPTIN9	3.15 × 10−8	+	Salivary glands	No	53
cg16638092	17:78800774	RPTOR	1.72 × 10−8	+	Salivary glands	No	53
cg05825244	20:2730488	EBF4	2.4 × 10−11	+	Blood	No	53
cg22862003	21:42797588	MX1	7.9 × 10−63	−	Blood and B cells	Yes	52,53
cg14293575	22:18635460	USP18	9.7 × 10−14	−	B cells	Yes	53

bp, base pair; Chr, chromosome; CpG, cytosine guanine dinucleotide; NA, not available. ^aDefined as absolute fold change of 2.0 in the interferome database²⁰⁴.