Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics, Career Information, Substance Use, Health and Pain Among Retired NFL Athletes (N = 90)
| Variable | M (SD) or n (% of total) |
|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | |
| Age | 57.68 (9.94) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| White, non-Hispanic | 58 (64.4) |
| Non-White | 32 (35.6) |
| Education | |
| High school | 10 (11.1) |
| ≥College | 80 (89.9) |
| Substance use | |
| Past 30-day binge alcohol use | |
| No | 66 (73.3) |
| Yes | 24 (26.7) |
| Past 12-month opioid use | |
| No | 69 (76.7) |
| Yes | 21 (23.3) |
| NFL career information | |
| NFL position | |
| QB | 6 (6.7) |
| OL/DL | 28 (31.1) |
| FB/TE | 11 (12.2) |
| LB/RB | 20 (22.2) |
| WR/DB | 25 (27.8) |
| NFL career duration (games) | 90.53 (55.45) |
| Years of retirement from NFL | 28.83 (8.68) |
| Health and pain | |
| Concussions | 30.41 (49.11) |
| Current pain intensity | 2.18 (2.40) |
| 2010 pain intensity | 5.52 (2.15) |
| 2010 physical impairment | |
| None | 14 (15.56) |
| Mild | 32 (35.56) |
| Moderate | 31 (34.44) |
| Severe | 12 (13.33) |
| Current pain acceptance | 33.31 (10.00) |
Note. NFL = National Football League; OL = offense lineman; DL = defensive lineman; QB = quarterback; WR = wide receiver; DB = defensive back; FB = fullback; TE = tight end; RB = running back; LB = linebacker.