Table 1.
Comparison of the preoperative characteristics and echocardiographic data between the two groups.
| Group 1 (n=22) | Group 2 (n=98) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 72.5 (67-78) | 57 (52-64) | <0.001 |
| Females | 15 (68.18%) | 63 (64.29%) | 0.729 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31.18 (25.22-34.89) | 29.02 (26.12-33.39) | 0.704 |
| Permanent pacemaker | 1 (4.55%) | 11 (11.2%) | 0.693 |
| Previous PCI | 1 (4.55%) | 1 (1.02%) | 0.334 |
| Previous CABG | 6 (27.27%) | 19 (19.39%) | 0.411 |
| Number of previous surgeries | 0.519 | ||
| 2 | 2 (9.09%) | 10 (10.20%) | |
| 3 | 2 (9.09%) | 3 (3.06%) | |
| 4 | 0 | 1 (1.02%) | |
| Previous stroke | 1 (4.55%) | 5 (5.10%) | >0.99 |
| TIA | 0 | 4 (4.08%) | >0.99 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 (50%) | 32 (32.65%) | 0.125 |
| Hypertension | 15 (68.18%) | 43 (43.88%) | 0.039 |
| Smokers | 0 | 6 (6.12%) | 0.591 |
| COPD | 4 (18.18%) | 7 (7.14%) | 0.116 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2 (9.09%) | 8 (8.16%) | >0.99 |
| ESRD on dialysis | 0 | 3 (3.06%) | >0.99 |
| HF within 2 weeks | 6 (28.57%) | 11 (11.22%) | 0.078 |
| NYHA III/IV | 17 (77.27%) | 64 (66.67%) | 0.333 |
| Cardiogenic shock within 24 hours | 0 | 8 (8.16%) | 0.348 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 2 (9.09%) | 4 (4.08%) | 0.303 |
| Preoperative AF | 12 (54.55%) | 46 (47.92%) | 0.575 |
| EuroSCORE II | 6.56 (5.47-8.04) | 6.74 (4.28-11.84) | 0.855 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 76 (60-95) | 76 (63-103) | 0.646 |
| LVEF (%) | 55 (50-55) | 55 (45-55) | 0.118 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 45 (41-51) | 49 (45-55) | 0.026 |
| LVESD (mm) | 30.5 (27-36) | 33 (29-39) | 0.247 |
| PASP (mmHg) | 60 (55-80) | 55 (45-70) | 0.029 |
| LV mass (g/m2) | 160.7 (141.5-207.1) | 178.4 (142.45-213.05) | 0.502 |
| Mitral regurgitation (moderate or greater) | 16 (76.19%) | 62 (63.27%) | 0.644 |
| Mitral stenosis | 10 (47.62%) | 38 (38.78%) | 0.563 |
| Mean pressure gradient (mmHg) | 8.3 (6-11) | 8.25 (5.3-11.9) | 0.521 |
Continuous data are presented as median (25th-75th) percentiles and categorical data are presented as numbers and percentages. AF=atrial fibrillation; CABG=coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ESRD=end-stage renal disease; HF=heart failure; LV=left ventricle; LVEDD=left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD=left ventricular end-systolic diameter; NYHA=New York Heart Association; PASP=pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PCI=percutaneous coronary intervention; TIA=transient ischemic attack