TABLE. CDC-supported voluntary medical male circumcisions — 13 countries in eastern and southern Africa, 2017–2021.
| Country | Fiscal year* | No. of VMMCs performed | Annual target achieved, % | Client age group, yrs, no. (%) |
No. (%) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <15 | 15–29 | ≥30 | VMMCs performed using a device† | Clients who received HIV testing at a VMMC site | Clients with a positive HIV test result§ | Clients with postoperative follow-up within 14 days of VMMC | ||||
| Botswana |
2017 |
17,870 |
117.0 |
11,205 (62.7) |
4,814 (26.9) |
1,851 (10.4) |
287 (1.6) |
9,311 (52.1) |
14 (0.2) |
10,968 (61.4) |
| 2018 |
15,874 |
76.0 |
9,386 (59.1) |
4,701 (29.6) |
1,787 (11.3) |
0 (—) |
7,730 (48.7) |
29 (0.4) |
14,674 (92.4) |
|
| 2019 |
16,461 |
78.4 |
7,710 (46.8) |
6,127 (37.2) |
2,624 (15.9) |
0 (—) |
9,436 (57.3) |
11 (0.1) |
16,155 (98.1) |
|
| 2020¶ |
5,845 |
28.0 |
2,313 (39.7) |
2,252 (38.6) |
1,265 (21.7) |
0 (—) |
3,913 (66.9) |
20 (0.5) |
5,514 (94.3) |
|
| 2021 |
2,748 |
31.0 |
0 (—)** |
1,539 (35.9) |
2,748 (64.1) |
0 (—) |
1,437 (52.3) |
25 (1.7) |
2,720 (99.0) |
|
|
Total
|
58,798
|
67.4
|
30,614 (50.8)
|
19,433 (32.2)
|
10,275 (17.0)
|
287 (0.5)
|
31,827 (54.1)
|
99 (0.3)
|
50,031 (85.1)
|
|
| Eswatini |
2017†† |
0 |
0 |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
| 2018†† |
0 |
0 |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
|
| 2019 |
761 |
20.0 |
298 (39.2) |
410 (53.9) |
53 (7.0) |
0 (—) |
707 (92.9) |
7 (1.0) |
761 (100.0) |
|
| 2020¶ |
4,626 |
24.0 |
1,923 (41.6) |
2,197 (47.5) |
506 (10.9) |
0 (—) |
4,245 (91.8) |
56 (1.3) |
4,322 (93.4) |
|
| 2021 |
3,269 |
79.2 |
3 (0.1)** |
2,561 (78.3) |
705 (21.6) |
0 (—) |
2,984 (91.3) |
6 (0.2) |
3,259 (99.7) |
|
|
Total
|
8,656
|
31.5
|
2,224 (25.7)
|
5,168 (59.7)
|
1,264 (14.6)
|
0 (—)
|
7,936 (91.7)
|
69 (0.9)
|
8,342 (96.4)
|
|
| Ethiopia |
2017 |
10,910 |
96.2 |
5,290 (48.5) |
4,610 (42.3) |
1,010 (9.3) |
0 (—) |
8,149 (74.7) |
3 (0.0) |
10,905 (99.9) |
| 2018 |
20,302 |
112.0 |
9,023 (44.4) |
9,312 (45.9) |
1,967 (9.7) |
0 (—) |
13,941 (68.7) |
43 (0.3) |
19,874 (97.9) |
|
| 2019 |
23,776 |
98.3 |
10,024 (42.2) |
11,768 (49.5) |
1,984 (8.3) |
0 (—) |
21,907 (92.1) |
7 (0.0) |
23,169 (97.4) |
|
| 2020¶ |
33,483 |
82.1 |
3,198 (9.6) |
25,681 (76.7) |
4,604 (13.8) |
0 (—) |
31,189 (93.1) |
30 (0.1) |
32,540 (97.2) |
|
| 2021 |
45,499 |
101.1 |
0 (—)** |
39,148 (86.0) |
6,351 (14.0) |
0 (—) |
23,417 (51.5) |
14 (0.1) |
44,636 (98.1) |
|
|
Total
|
133,970
|
96.1
|
27,535 (20.6)
|
90,519 (67.6)
|
15,916 (11.9)
|
0 (—)
|
98,603 (73.6)
|
97 (0.1)
|
131,124 (97.9)
|
|
| Kenya |
2017 |
149,286 |
90.7 |
106,754 (71.5) |
38,858 (26.0) |
3,674 (2.5) |
1,446 (1.0) |
146,157 (97.9) |
285 (0.2) |
121,855 (81.6) |
| 2018 |
191,111 |
96.5 |
158,642 (83.0) |
29,540 (15.5) |
2,929 (1.5) |
2,140 (1.1) |
82,772 (43.3) |
281 (0.3) |
159,537 (83.5) |
|
| 2019 |
185,145 |
93.9 |
161,990 (87.5) |
20,405 (11.0) |
2,750 (1.5) |
2,820 (1.5) |
24,346 (13.1) |
64 (0.3) |
170,353 (92.0) |
|
| 2020¶ |
68,173 |
48.8 |
45,030 (66.1) |
21,366 (31.4) |
1,708 (2.5) |
1,750 (2.6) |
14,823 (21.7) |
25 (0.2) |
60,432 (88.6) |
|
| 2021 |
25,351 |
115.6 |
1 (0)** |
22,803 (89.9) |
2,547 (10.0) |
2,789 (11.0) |
7,671 (30.3) |
16 (0.2) |
24,683 (97.4) |
|
|
Total
|
619,066
|
85.8
|
472,417 (79.2)
|
110,169 (18.5)
|
13,608 (2.3)
|
10,945 (1.8)
|
275,769 (44.5)
|
671 (0.2)
|
536,860 (86.7)
|
|
| Malawi |
2017 |
30,136 |
86.1 |
5,612 (18.6) |
21,455 (71.2) |
3,069 (10.2) |
0 (—) |
30,063 (99.8) |
104 (0.3) |
24,219 (80.4) |
| 2018 |
46,004 |
92.0 |
4,199 (9.1) |
37,562 (81.6) |
4,243 (9.2) |
109 (0.2) |
45,780 (99.5) |
520 (1.1) |
37,216 (80.9) |
|
| 2019 |
52,062 |
104.1 |
3,205 (6.2) |
45,015 (86.5) |
3,842 (7.4) |
824 (1.6) |
51,791 (99.5) |
434 (0.8) |
52,041 (99.9) |
|
| 2020¶ |
34,239 |
38.9 |
4,423 (12.9) |
27,677 (80.8) |
2,139 (6.2) |
371 (1.1) |
28,482 (83.2) |
14 (0.0) |
34,239 (99.9) |
|
| 2021 |
70,178 |
97.5 |
0 (—)** |
65,226 (92.9) |
4,952 (7.1) |
5,667 (8.1) |
23,429 (33.4) |
25 (0.1) |
69,961 (99.7) |
|
|
Total
|
232,619
|
78.8
|
17,439 (8.1)
|
196,935 (91.9)
|
18,245 (8.5)
|
6,971 (3.0)
|
179,545 (77.2)
|
1,097 (0.6)
|
217,676 (93.6)
|
|
| Mozambique |
2017 |
189,225 |
62.5 |
96,218 (50.8) |
83,211 (44.0) |
9,796 (5.2) |
0 (—) |
178,615 (94.4) |
4,350 (2.4) |
144,708 (76.5) |
| 2018 |
233,069 |
90.9 |
131,881 (56.6) |
90,365 (38.8) |
10,823 (4.6) |
0 (—) |
219,906 (94.4) |
4,530 (2.1) |
200,060 (85.8) |
|
| 2019 |
222,887 |
83.1 |
130,731 (58.7) |
82,253 (36.9) |
9,903 (4.4) |
0 (—) |
206,983 (92.9) |
4,736 (2.3) |
193,267 (86.7) |
|
| 2020¶ |
120,464 |
42.9 |
59,232 (49.2) |
54,596 (45.3) |
6,636 (5.5) |
0 (—) |
57,490 (47.7) |
1,109 (1.9) |
98,738 (82.0) |
|
| 2021 |
46,292 |
84.3 |
0 (—)** |
37,873 (81.8) |
8,419 (18.2) |
0 (—) |
31,419 (67.9) |
3,183 (10.1) |
39,549 (85.4) |
|
|
Total
|
811,937
|
69.8
|
418,062 (51.5)
|
348,298 (42.9)
|
45,577 (5.6)
|
0 (—)
|
694,413 (85.5)
|
17,908 (2.6)
|
676,322 (83.3)
|
|
| Namibia |
2017 |
15,579 |
70.1 |
5,037 (33.0) |
7,937 (51.9) |
2,305 (15.0) |
0 (—) |
9,377 (60.2) |
63 (0.7) |
15,106 (97.0)) |
| 2018 |
19,384 |
82.7 |
8,807 (46.0) |
8,393 (43.8) |
1,957 (10.2) |
0 (—) |
9,752 (50.3) |
36 (0.4) |
18,857 (97.3) |
|
| 2019 |
17,059 |
73.3 |
7,480 (45.5) |
7,235 (44.0) |
1,711 (10.4) |
546 (3.2) |
8,829 (51.8) |
44 (0.5) |
15,614 (91.5) |
|
| 2020¶,†† |
0 |
0 |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
|
| 2021†† |
0 |
0 |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
|
|
Total
|
52,022
|
75.4
|
21,324 (41.9)
|
23,565 (46.3)
|
5,973 (11.7)
|
546 (1.0)
|
27,958 (53.7)
|
143 (0.5)
|
49,577 (95.3)
|
|
| Rwanda |
2017 |
91,689 |
191.2 |
25,123 (27.4) |
63,301 (69.1) |
3,245 (3.5) |
53,351 (58.2) |
90,564 (98.8) |
281 (0.3) |
91,662 (99.9) |
| 2018 |
75,338 |
222.2 |
28,866 (38.3) |
43,323 (57.5) |
3,149 (4.2) |
30,178 (40.1) |
68,384 (90.8) |
22 (0.0) |
75,201 (99.8) |
|
| 2019 |
79,622 |
152.6 |
23,933 (30.1) |
52,202 (65.6) |
3,487 (4.4) |
15,167 (19.0) |
44,729 (56.2) |
14 (0.0) |
79,420 (99.7) |
|
| 2020¶ |
140,984 |
143.2 |
35,383 (25.1) |
100,287 (71.1) |
5,314 (3.8) |
7,615 (5.4) |
0 (—)§§ |
0 (—)§§ |
140,784 (99.9) |
|
| 2021 |
181,539 |
156.4 |
14 (0)** |
163,800 (90.2) |
17,725 (9.8) |
2,016 (1.1) |
0 (—)§§ |
0 (—)§§ |
179,435 (98.9) |
|
|
Total
|
569,172
|
163.3
|
113,319 (19.9)
|
422,916 (74.3)
|
32,920 (5.8)
|
108,327 (19.0)
|
203,677 (35.8)
|
317 (0.2)
|
566,502 (99.5)
|
|
| South Africa |
2017 |
232,198 |
94.3 |
91,312 (39.3) |
114,436 (49.3) |
26,450 (11.4) |
886 (0.4) |
140,960 (60.7) |
4,390 (3.1) |
169,955 (73.2) |
| 2018 |
284,202 |
81.7 |
144,208 (50.8) |
107,826 (38.0) |
32,037 (11.3) |
0 (—) |
260,025 (91.5) |
4,524 (1.7) |
189,787 (66.8) |
|
| 2019 |
332,096 |
109.1 |
125,598 (38.0) |
175,228 (53.0) |
30,055 (9.1) |
0 (—) |
285,267 (85.9) |
1,795 (0.6) |
247,819 (74.6) |
|
| 2020¶ |
144,622 |
46.4 |
34,347 (23.7) |
89,195 (61.7) |
21,080 (14.6) |
0 (—) |
134,101 (92.7) |
412 (0.3) |
131,951 (91.2) |
|
| 2021 |
164,995 |
52.4 |
0 (—)** |
113,625 (68.9) |
51,369 (31.1) |
0 (—) |
142,756 (86.5) |
1,068 (0.7) |
152,267 (92.3) |
|
|
Total
|
1,158,113
|
75.9
|
395,465 (34.2)
|
600,310 (51.9)
|
160,991 (13.9)
|
886 (0.1)
|
1,022,493 (88.3)
|
14,189 (1.4)
|
891,779 (77.0)
|
|
| Tanzania |
2017 |
290,041 |
91.7 |
131,039 (45.2) |
136,000 (46.9) |
23,002 (7.9) |
0 (—) |
222,693 (76.8) |
547 (0.2) |
258,342 (89.1) |
| 2018 |
451,073 |
92.8 |
206,288 (45.7) |
209,371 (46.4) |
35,414 (7.9) |
0 (—) |
450,318 (99.8) |
674 (0.1) |
390,295 (86.5) |
|
| 2019 |
453,764 |
110.4 |
193,883 (42.7) |
223,742 (49.3) |
36,139 (8.0) |
1,517 (0.3) |
59,909 (13.2) |
105 (0.2) |
438,954 (96.7) |
|
| 2020¶ |
299,967 |
104.4 |
140,485 (46.8) |
140,580 (46.9) |
18,902 (6.3) |
817 (0.3) |
0 (—)§§ |
0 (—)§§ |
296,017 (98.7) |
|
| 2021 |
337,989 |
95.9 |
0 (—)** |
304,264 (90.0) |
33,725 (10.0) |
0 (—) |
0 (—)§§ |
0 (—)§§ |
334,933 (99.1) |
|
|
Total
|
1,832,834
|
98.9
|
671,695 (39.3)
|
891,557 (52.1)
|
147,182 (8.6)
|
2,334 (0.1)
|
732,920 (40.0)
|
1,326 (0.2)
|
1,718,541 (93.8)
|
|
| Uganda |
2017 |
334,515 |
71.5 |
68,104 (33.2) |
119,705 (58.4) |
17,175 (8.4) |
1,590 (0.5) |
310,211 (92.7) |
1,324 (0.4) |
296,092 (88.5) |
| 2018 |
340,168 |
100.1 |
144,585 (49.4) |
128,088 (43.8) |
20,029 (6.8) |
134 (0.0) |
319,255 (93.9) |
5,422 (1.7) |
321,776 (94.6) |
|
| 2019 |
336,947 |
98.1 |
140,769 (41.8) |
168,459 (50.0) |
27,603 (8.2) |
399 (0.1) |
283,062 (84.0) |
612 (0.2) |
321,085 (95.3) |
|
| 2020¶ |
291,955 |
73.2 |
65,981 (22.6) |
193,944 (66.4) |
32,030 (11.0) |
925 (0.3) |
227,315 (77.9) |
497 (0.2) |
284,636 (97.5) |
|
| 2021 |
153,534 |
103.0 |
544 (0.4) |
132,983 (86.6) |
20,007 (13.0) |
7,627 (5.0) |
89,554 (58.3) |
284 (0.3) |
143,644 (93.6) |
|
|
Total
|
1,457,119
|
85.8
|
419,983 (31.0)
|
743,179 (54.9)
|
116,844 (8.6)
|
10,675 (0.7)
|
1,229,397 (84.4)
|
8,139 (0.7)
|
1,367,233 (93.8)
|
|
| Zambia |
2017 |
181,767 |
171.4 |
68,397 (37.6) |
97,113 (53.4) |
16,237 (8.9) |
477 (0.3) |
173,555 (95.5) |
824 (0.5) |
175,361 (96.5) |
| 2018 |
173,425 |
128.2 |
48,704 (28.1) |
109,385 (63.1) |
15,328 (8.8) |
391 (0.2) |
170,722 (98.4) |
482 (0.3) |
162,355 (94.0) |
|
| 2019 |
271,099 |
167.7 |
67,514 (24.9) |
176,690 (65.2) |
26,852 (9.9) |
2,371 (0.9) |
226,737 (83.6) |
570 (0.3) |
259,892 (95.9) |
|
| 2020¶ |
240,857 |
126.9 |
31,032 (12.9) |
188,853 (78.4) |
20,972 (8.7) |
4,738 (2.0) |
66,969 (27.8) |
91 (0.1) |
233,739 (97.0) |
|
| 2021 |
282,259 |
139.0 |
0 (—)** |
258,048 (91.4) |
24,211 (8.6) |
12,217 (4.3) |
39,859 (14.1) |
71 (0.2) |
276,061 (97.8) |
|
|
Total
|
1,149,407
|
144.4
|
215,647 (18.8)
|
830,089 (72.2)
|
103,600 (9.0)
|
20,194 (1.8)
|
677,842 (59.0)
|
2,038 (0.3)
|
1,107,408 (96.3)
|
|
| Zimbabwe |
2017 |
103,677 |
103.7 |
43,383 (41.9) |
51,357 (49.5) |
8,914 (8.6) |
5,037 (4.9) |
103,546 (99.9) |
270 (0.3) |
99,821 (96.3) |
| 2018 |
70,494 |
66.7 |
24,026 (34.1) |
39,383 (55.9) |
7,083 (10.0) |
0 (—) |
70,454 (99.9) |
111 (0.2) |
64,721 (91.8) |
|
| 2019 |
129,118 |
102.7 |
42,994 (33.3) |
72,084 (55.9) |
13,966 (10.8) |
52 (0.0) |
129,044 (99.9) |
119 (0.1) |
124,692 (96.6) |
|
| 2020¶ |
61,932 |
48.0 |
20,059 (32.4) |
35,674 (57.6) |
6,199 (10.0) |
0 (—) |
61,880 (99.9) |
86 (0.1) |
59,796 (96.6) |
|
| 2021 |
48,363 |
37.1 |
0 (—)** |
39,042 (80.7) |
9,321 (19.3) |
221 (0.5) |
47,935 (99.1) |
73 (0.2) |
45,513 (94.1) |
|
|
Total
|
413,584
|
70.0
|
130,462 (31.6)
|
237,540 (57.4)
|
45,483 (11.0)
|
5,310 (1.3)
|
412,859 (99.8)
|
659 (0.2)
|
394,543 (95.4)
|
|
| All countries | 2017 |
1,646,893 |
89.7 |
657,474 (43.3) |
742,797 (49.0) |
116,728 (7.7) |
63,074 (3.8) |
1,423,201 (86.4) |
12,455 (0.9) |
1,418,994 (86.2) |
| 2018 |
1,920,444 |
95.3 |
918,615 (49.1) |
817,249 (43.6) |
136,746 (7.3) |
32,952 (1.7) |
1,719,039 (89.5) |
16,674 (1.0) |
1,654,353 (86.1) |
|
| 2019 |
2,120,797 |
106.8 |
916,129 (43.2) |
1,041,618 (49.2) |
160,969 (7.6) |
23,696 (1.1) |
1,352,040 (63.8) |
8,511 (0.6) |
1,942,461 (91.6) |
|
| 2020¶ |
1,447,147 |
72.2 |
443,406 (30.6) |
882,302 (61.0) |
121,355 (8.4) |
16,216 (1.1) |
630,407 (62.7)§§ |
2,340 (0.4) |
1,382,708 (95.5) |
|
| 2021 |
1,362,016 |
92.5 |
562 (0) |
1,180,912 (86.6) |
182,080 (13.4) |
30,537 (2.2) |
410,461 (48.7)§§ |
4,765 (1.2) |
1,316,661 (96.7) |
|
| Total | 8,497,297 | 91.2 | 2,936,186 (35.3) | 4,664,878 (56.1) | 717,082 (8.6) | 166,475 (2.0) | 5,595,239 (74.2) §§ | 44,745 (0.8) | 7,715,177 (90.8) | |
Abbreviations: PEPFAR = U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; VMMC = voluntary medical male circumcision.
* October 1–September 30.
† VMMCs performed using a device refers to use of World Health Organization–prequalified circumcision device as method of circumcision instead of traditional surgical technique.
§ HIV prevalence was calculated by dividing the number of males who received positive HIV test results by the number undergoing HIV testing services at VMMC sites.
¶ COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in 2020.
** In 2021 most countries reported zero or a small number of VMMCs conducted in clients aged <15 years because of a change in VMMC age eligibility to 15 years with the exception of the ShangRing device (Wuhu Snnda Medical Treatment Appliance Technology).
†† Eswatini in 2017 and 2018 and Namibia in 2020 and 2021 did not have a CDC-supported VMMC program.
§§ Rwanda and Tanzania stopped conducting PEPFAR-supported HIV testing at VMMC sites in 2020 and 2021. These countries were excluded from the combined country estimates.