Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and depressive symptoms in elderly [N (%)].
| Variables | 2015 (n = 3,431) | 2018 (n = 3,258) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | No depressive symptoms (n = 2,271) | Depressive symptoms (n = 1,160) | P | Total | No depressive symptom (n = 1,608) | Depressive symptoms (n = 1,650) | P | |
| Residence | ||||||||
| Urban | 945 (27.7) | 685 (30.2) | 260 (22.4) | < 0.001 | 1,016 (31.2) | 567 (35.3) | 449 (27.2) | < 0.001 |
| Rural | 2,486 (72.5) | 1,586 (69.8) | 900 (77.6) | 2,242 (68.8) | 1,041 (64.7) | 1,201 (72.8) | ||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 2,166 (63.1) | 1,308 (57.6) | 858 (74.0) | < 0.001 | 2,230 (68.4) | 929 (59.6) | 1,271 (77.0) | < 0.001 |
| Male | 1,265 (36.9) | 963 (42.4) | 302 (26.0) | 1,028 (31.6) | 649 (40.4) | 379 (23.0) | ||
| Age (year) | ||||||||
| 60–70 | 2,249 (65.5) | 1,450 (63.8) | 799 (68.9) | 0.001 | 1,817 (55.8) | 884 (55.0) | 933 (56.5) | 0.440 |
| 71–80 | 923 (26.9) | 624 (27.5) | 299 (25.8) | 1,162 (35.7) | 577 (35.9) | 585 (35.5) | ||
| >80 | 259 (7.5) | 197 (8.7) | 62 (5.3) | 279 (8.6) | 147 (9.1) | 132 (8.0) | ||
| Education level | ||||||||
| Primary school or below | 3,077 (89.7) | 2,034 (89.6) | 1,043 (89.9) | 0.315 | 2,541 (78.0) | 1,180 (73.4) | 1,361 (82.5) | < 0.001 |
| Middle school | 253 (7.4) | 163 (7.2) | 90 (7.8) | 420 (12.9) | 250 (15.5) | 170 (10.3) | ||
| High school | 79 (2.3) | 56 (2.5) | 23 (2.0) | 231 (7.1) | 134 (8.3) | 97 (5.9) | ||
| College or above | 22 (0.6) | 18 (0.8) | 4 (0.3) | 66 (2.0) | 44 (2.7) | 22 (1.3) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Unmarried | 795 (23.2) | 491 (21.6) | 304 (26.2) | < 0.001 | 776 (23.8) | 332 (20.6) | 444 (26.9) | < 0.001 |
| Married | 2,636 (76.8) | 1,780 (78.4) | 856 (73.8) | 2,482 (76.2) | 1,276 (79.4) | 1,206 (73.1) | ||
| Smoking | ||||||||
| No | 2,485 (72.4) | 1,554 (68.4) | 931 (80.3) | < 0.001 | 2,949 (90.5) | 1,450 (90.2) | 1,499 (90.8) | 0.511 |
| Yes | 946 (27.6) | 717 (31.6) | 229 (19.7) | 309 (9.5) | 158 (9.8) | 151 (9.2) | ||
| Drinking | ||||||||
| No | 2,468 (71.9) | 1,578 (69.5) | 890 (76.7) | < 0.001 | 2,522 (77.4) | 1,203 (74.8) | 1,319 (79.9) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 963 (28.1) | 693 (30.5) | 270 (23.3) | 736 (22.6) | 405 (25.2) | 331 (20.1) | ||
| Physical exercise | ||||||||
| No | 360 (10.5) | 226 (10.0) | 134 (11.6) | 0.148 | 272 (8.3) | 112 (7.0) | 160 (9.7) | 0.005 |
| Yes | 3,071 (89.5) | 2,045 (90.0) | 1,026 (88.4) | 2,986 (91.7) | 1,496 (93.0) | 1,490 (90.3) | ||
| Social activity | ||||||||
| No | 1,841 (53.7) | 1,204 (53.0) | 637 (54.9) | 0.292 | 1,646 (50.5) | 815 (50.7) | 831 (50.4) | 0.855 |
| Yes | 1,590 (46.3) | 1,067 (47.0) | 523 (45.1) | 1,612 (49.5) | 793 (49.3) | 819 (49.6) | ||
| Physical function | ||||||||
| Normal | 526 (15.0) | 381 (16.8) | 135 (11.6) | < 0.001 | 1,016 (31.2) | 646 (40.2) | 370 (22.4) | < 0.001 |
| Dysfunction | 2,915 (85.0) | 1,890 (83.2) | 1,025 (88.4) | 2,242 (68.8) | 962 (59.8) | 1,280 (77.6) | ||
| ADL | ||||||||
| Normal | 1,563 (45.6) | 1,157 (50.9) | 406 (35.0) | < 0.001 | 1,607 (49.3) | 891 (55.4) | 716 (43.4) | < 0.001 |
| Disability | 1,868 (54.4) | 1,114 (49.1) | 754 (65.0) | 16,51 (50.7) | 717 (44.6) | 934 (56.6) | ||
| Self-rated health | ||||||||
| Poor | 1,956 (57.0) | 1,172 (51.6) | 784 (67.6) | < 0.001 | 2,677 (82.2) | 1,220 (75.9) | 1,457 (88.3) | < 0.001 |
| Good | 1,726 (45.4) | 1,099 (48.4) | 376 (32.4) | 581 (17.8) | 388 (24.1) | 193 (11.7) | ||