. 2023 Mar 6;2023:8506738. doi: 10.1155/2023/8506738

Table 8.

The serum antioxidant enzymes in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, after 60 days of supplementation with experimental diets.

Status	Parameters	T ₁ (control)	T ₂	T ₃	T ₄	T ₅
Before challenge	MDA (μmol/l)	50.23 ± 2.22	48.56 ± 1.84	48.30 ± 2.04	45.43 ± 2.52	42.23 ± 1.30
	SOD (U/ml)	30.43 ± 0.80^b	32.40 ± 0.94^ab	34.36 ± 0.74a	35.96 ± 0.72^a	36.13 ± 0.80^a
	CAT (U/ml)	112.16 ± 3.60^a	113.16 ± 2.89^a	115.00 ± 2.68^a	114.33 ± 4.33^a	115.66 ± 3.32^a
	GPx (U/ml)	150.03 ± 2.56^b	155.00 ± 2.88^ab	157.16 ± 3.60^ab	160.00 ± 2.02^ab	165.00 ± 1.73^a

After challenge	MDA (μmol/l)	61.23 ± 2.91^a	56.16 ± 2.36^ab	56.23 ± 2.40^ab	49.60 ± 2.26^bc	43.90 ± 1.37^c
	SOD (U/ml)	29.70 ± 0.95^c	32.90 ± 1.06^bc	34.53 ± 0.89^ab	36.80 ± 1.04^ab	37.50 ± 0.68^a
	CAT (U/ml)	110.26 ± 3.42	110.50 ± 2.59	113.06 ± 2.73	113.16 ± 4.18	116.80 ± 3.34
	GPx (U/ml)	145.83 ± 2.51^c	152.43 ± 2.69^bc	155.23 ± 3.03^abc	160.00 ± 3.88^ab	167.33 ± 1.76^a

MDA: malondialdehyde activity; SOD: superoxide dismutase activity; CAT: catalase activity; GPx: glutathione peroxidase activity. T₁ (control): nonsupplemented fish; T₂: fish fed diet containing 1 × 10⁶ probiotic; T₃: fish fed diet containing 1 × 10⁸ probiotic; T₄: fish fed diet containing 0.5% hawthorn extract; T₅: fish fed diet containing 1% hawthorn extract. Data represented as mean ± SE. Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).