Table 3.
Effects in other conditions.
| References | Intervention | Control | Participants | Trial length | Immune immunomodulatory effect | Glucose metabolism | Lipid metabolism | Others | Body weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ozturk et al. (30) | IF | RCT | Pregnant | 4w | Oxidative stress index (OSI): ⌀ Total oxidant status (TOS): ⌀ Total anti-oxidant status (TAS): ⌀ | ||||
| Nashwan et al. (31) | IF | Retrospective study | CML | WBC, NEUT, PLT, HGB*: ⌀ BCR/ABL*:⌀ | |||||
| Bing he et al. (32) | Eating on 8:00–16:00 | Before-after study | PCOS | 5w | TT: ↓(p = 0.048) CRP: ↓(p = 0.040) IGF-1: ↑(p = 0.006) | Glucose: ⌀ Insulin: ↓ (p = 0.017) HOMA-IR: ↓(p = 0.025) | TG: ⌀(p = 0.715) TC: ⌀(p = 0.328) LDL: ⌀(p = 0.984) | AST: ↓(p = 0.113) ALT: ↓(p = 0.027) | ↓(p < 0.001), on average 1.3 kg. |
| Fitzgerald et al. (33) | IF | RCT | Obese, multiple sclerosis | 8w | Leptin: ⌀ Adiponectin: ⌀ Memory T cell subsets: ↓ Naïve subset: ↑ Th1 cell: ↓ | ↓ | |||
| Ginhoven et al. (34) | IF | RCT | Kidney donation，BMI25 | CRP: ⌀ WBC, B cell, T cell: ⌀ NK cell: ↓after surgery (P < 0.001) IL-10, IL-6: ⌀ TNF-α: ⌀ before surgery, ↓after surgery Cytokine: ⌀ IL-8: ↑(p = 0.018) |
WBC, White blood cells; NEUT, Neutrophile Granulocyte; PLT, Platelet; Hgb, hemoglobin; BCR/ABL, BCR/ABL gene; TT, testosterone； CRP, C-reactive protein; IGF-1, Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IF, intermittent fasting; RCT, randomized control study; CML, chronic myelogenous leukemia; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triacylglycerol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase；ALT, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase；NK cell, natural killer cell; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrotic factor; BP, blood pressure; ADF, alternative day fasting; TRF, time restricted feeding; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Cr, creatinine; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; TSH, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone; T3, triiodothyronine; ⌀, no significant results; ↑, significantly increasing; ↓, significantly decreasing. Some changes in values and p-values are missing as they were not presented in the original manuscript. *Indicates that the p-value was calculated based on the final and baseline values of participants in the TRF group because no comparison was made between changes in values in a TRF group and a normal diet control group in the original manuscript.